Question 1

Brad's psychologist believes that he is not progressing in his treatment because adhering to the role of a pain patient brings him a lot of attention from others.Because she wants to reshape Brad's pain behavior,the therapist is advocating:

Accepted Answer

The intervention based on a conditioning model is aimed at reshaping behavior through rewards and punishments. In this case, the therapist would try to reinforce Brad's non-pain behaviors and discourage his pain behaviors by removing the attention and rewards associated with them. This approach is commonly used for pain management and has shown to be effective in many cases. The other options (cognitive therapy, guided imagery, and distraction) may also be helpful for pain management but may not specifically address Brad's underlying motivations for his pain behaviors.

Question 2

Which approach to pain control works best?

Accepted Answer

The best approach to pain control depends on the individual patient and the nature of their pain. For some patients, physical therapy such as exercise or massage may be effective, while for others, behavioral therapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or relaxation techniques may be more appropriate. Biomedical therapy, such as medication or surgery, may also be necessary for some patients. Therefore, it is important to consider the individual needs of each patient when determining the best approach to pain control.

Question 3

The dominant model for treating chronic pain is:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the dominant model for treating chronic pain. This approach helps patients identify negative patterns of thinking and behaviors that contribute to their pain and teaches them to manage their pain through relaxation techniques, self-talk, and other coping strategies.

Question 4

Cultural differences in pain reactions are most likely related to differences in:

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences in pain reactions are most likely related to differences in pain tolerance, as tolerance can be influenced by cultural norms and expectations regarding the expression and management of pain.

Question 5

One research study of catastrophizing among rheumatoid arthritis patients found that ____________ was associated with elevated levels of ________________.

Accepted Answer

The study found that catastrophizing was associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein. None of the other answer choices were mentioned in the study.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true regarding gender differences in the experience of pain?

Accepted Answer

The statement that men receive 5 to 10 percent more prescription drugs for common pain complaints than women is false. In fact, research suggests that women are more likely to receive prescription pain medication than men, but are often prescribed lower doses and receive less aggressive pain management overall.

Question 7

Aspirin,acetaminophen,and ibuprofen are classified as:

Accepted Answer

Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which work by reducing inflammation and pain. They do not fall into the categories of prostaglandins, COX-2 inhibitors, or opioids.

Question 8

Generally speaking,surgery to relieve pain:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Generally speaking,surgery to relieve pain:
...

Question 9

Analgesia created by triggering another,mildly painful stimulus is called:

Accepted Answer

Counterirritation is the process of reducing pain by applying a mildly painful stimulus to the skin. This form of analgesia works by triggering the release of endorphins in the brain, which are natural painkillers. Referred pain is a phenomenon in which pain is felt in a different part of the body than where the actual injury or problem is located. Phantom pain is a type of pain that feels like it's coming from a body part that has been amputated. Stress-induced analgesia occurs when a person experiences a reduction in pain perception during times of stress or high arousal.

Question 10

_______________ is an opioid analgesic,whereas _______________ is a nonopioid acting analgesic.

Accepted Answer

Morphine is an opioid analgesic, while aspirin is a nonopioid acting analgesic.

Question 11

The chemical substance responsible for localized pain and inflammation,such as the pain of sunburn,is:

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins are chemical substances produced by the body in response to injury or infection that cause localized pain and inflammation. They are also involved in the initiation of fever and the function of blood platelets. Substances P and glutamate are both neurotransmitters involved in pain sensation, but they are not specifically responsible for localized pain and inflammation. NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are a class of medication used to treat pain and inflammation, but they do not occur naturally in the body.

Question 12

The most effective pain-management programs:

Accepted Answer

Combining cognitive-behavioral therapy with the use of analgesic drugs has been shown to be the most effective approach to pain management. This approach addresses the psychological and emotional aspects of pain, as well as the physical, and aims to help patients better cope with their pain. Operant and classical conditioning approaches are more limited in their scope and do not address the full range of factors that contribute to chronic pain.

Question 13

Which form of therapy vigorously challenges clients' illogical and self-defeating beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive restructuring therapy vigorously challenges clients' illogical and self-defeating beliefs by identifying and changing negative thought patterns and replacing them with positive and rational ones. This form of therapy is often used in cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 14

Like _______________,imagery is based on the concept that our attention and awareness have _______________.

Accepted Answer

Imagery is based on the concept of cognitive distraction, which means that our attention and awareness have a limited capacity. This means that when we use imagery techniques, we are intentionally directing our attention away from negative thoughts or distractions, and towards positive mental images or sensations. This can help us to reduce stress, improve performance, and enhance overall well-being. Lamaze training is a form of childbirth education that emphasizes relaxation and breathing techniques, while visualization involves creating mental images of desired outcomes. Neither of these concepts directly relates to the limited capacity of attention and awareness, so they are not the best choices. Relaxation training may involve different techniques like deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, and visualization can be done in multiple dimensions, but these concepts also do not directly relate to the limited capacity of attention and awareness, so they are not the best choices.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is not a form of behavior therapy. It is a noninvasive form of pain management that involves applying electrical impulses to nerve endings under the skin near the painful area. The electrical impulses may help to reduce pain signals from reaching the brain. TENS is often used as a form of counterirritation and can provide excellent local pain relief for some chronic pain patients.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of cognitive distraction?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive distraction involves focusing attention on mental tasks rather than the physical task at hand. In this scenario, the firefighter is able to focus on the rescue task despite her own pain, indicating cognitive distraction. The other options involve different coping mechanisms or interventions, but not necessarily cognitive distraction.

Question 17

A key component of cognitive behavioral therapy is _______,which focuses on helping individuals reinterpret and restructure pain-related sensations.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive restructuring is a key component of cognitive behavioral therapy that focuses on helping individuals reinterpret and restructure pain-related sensations. Aversive conditioning, stimulus control training, and negative reinforcement are also techniques used in cognitive behavioral therapy, but they do not specifically target pain-related sensations.

Question 18

After being injured in a football game,David is certain that his hoped-for career as a professional athlete is doomed to fail and that the rest of his life will be miserable.A health psychologist would probably characterize David's pattern of thinking as an example of:

Accepted Answer

Catastrophizing is the tendency to imagine the worst-case scenario and to see a given situation as far worse than it actually is. In this case, David is convinced that his injury means his dreams are over and that his life will be miserable. This type of thinking is a common response to stressful situations, but it is not helpful in promoting resilience or coping skills. Health psychologists are trained to recognize and help individuals who engage in catastrophizing and other maladaptive patterns of thinking.

Question 19

Which of the following personality traits has NOT been linked with chronic pain patients?

Accepted Answer

Emotional dependence is not typically linked with chronic pain patients, whereas hysteria, hypochondriasis, and depression have been associated with chronic pain.

Question 20

Pain sufferers may experience _____________ from the social reinforcement they receive in response to pain behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Secondary gains refer to the benefits, often social, that individuals receive as a result of experiencing pain, such as attention or sympathy from others. This can reinforce pain behaviors and contribute to the maintenance of chronic pain.

Quiz 14: B: Managing Pain