Question 1

Neurodevelopmental disorders occur in __________ percent of children with HIV who do not receive appropriate treatment.

Accepted Answer

Neurodevelopmental disorders occur in 75-90 percent of children with HIV who do not receive appropriate treatment. This is due to the virus affecting the developing brain and nervous system, leading to cognitive, motor and behavioral difficulties. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders can be reduced.

Question 2

Research concerning maternal drinking during pregnancy indicates that

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that binge drinking (consuming four or more drinks in a two-hour period) may be more damaging than moderate drinking that takes place over a longer period of time. This is because binge drinking causes a sudden surge of alcohol in the bloodstream, which can have a more profound effect on the developing fetus. However, it is important to note that any amount of alcohol during pregnancy has the potential to harm the fetus and it is recommended that pregnant women abstain from alcohol completely.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a perinatal factor associated with risk of intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

Maternal depression is not a perinatal factor associated with risk of intellectual disability. The other choices (placenta insufficiency, premature delivery, obstetrical trauma, and eclampsia) are all perinatal factors that have been associated with an increased risk of intellectual disability in children.

Question 4

Which of the following neonatal disorders has not been associated with risk of intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

Weighing in at over 9 lbs at birth has not been consistently associated with an increased risk of intellectual disability, although it may increase the risk of other health complications. Hypoxia, respiratory disorders, meningitis, and encephalitis have all been linked to a higher risk of intellectual disability.

Question 5

Prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities is possible through __________; this procedure is conducted between the __________ weeks of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis is a prenatal screening procedure for chromosomal abnormalities, typically performed between the 11th and 18th weeks of pregnancy.

Question 6

In North America, the term __________ is used to refer to normal intelligence with specific learning problems (such as reading), while in Britain it refers to mental handicap.

Accepted Answer

In North America, the term "learning disability" is used to refer to normal intelligence with specific learning problems, while in Britain the term refers to mental handicap. The other options either do not accurately reflect the usage in North America or are not commonly used terms.

Question 7

The choice of cutoff IQ scores for the diagnosis of intellectual disability

Accepted Answer

The answer of The choice of cutoff IQ scores for...

Question 8

Which of the following is not a metabolic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Tay-Sach's disease is a genetic disorder caused by the deficiency of an enzyme, not a metabolic disorder. The other options are all examples of metabolic disorders.

Question 9

The damaging effects of PKU can be

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme needed to metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid. A diet low in phenylalanine can mostly prevent the damaging effects of PKU, as it reduces the accumulation of phenylalanine in the body, which is toxic to the brain if not properly metabolized.

Question 10

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the view that intellectual disability was inherited was emphasized. At the same time, the____movement called for measures such as sterilization and restriction of marriage.

Accepted Answer

The eugenics movement called for measures such as sterilization and restriction of marriage based on the belief that intellectual disability was inherited. The other options (B, C, D, E) do not accurately reflect this historical context.

Question 11

The three domains of adaptive skills used today by the AAMR/AAIDD in the definition of intellectual disability are

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three domains of adaptive skills used...

Question 12

Stereotypy refers to

Accepted Answer

Stereotypy refers to the repetition of meaningless and non-functional gestures or movements, which is commonly observed in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Stereotypy can include movements such as hand flapping, spinning, or rocking back and forth.

Question 13

Adaptive behaviours or daily living skills are generally clustered under four domains. Which of the following is not one of those domains?

Accepted Answer

The four domains of adaptive behaviours or daily living skills are communication, personal living skills, social interaction skills, and motor skills. Cooking skills are generally classified under personal living skills.

Question 14

Fetal alcohol syndrome is found in __________ per 1,000 live births.

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs in approximately 1 to 3 per 1,000 live births, indicating the impact of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on fetal development.

Question 15

According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities definition, intellectual disability refers to significantly subaverage intellectual functioning accompanied by

Accepted Answer

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities definition of intellectual disability includes both significantly subaverage intellectual functioning as well as limitations in areas of adaptive behaviour, such as self-care. This definition does not mention any requirements related to relatives' or parents' IQ, nor does it specifically mention reading or math difficulties.

Question 16

Though dominant inheritance of intellectual disability is very rare, the text mentions two disorders transmitted in this manner. Which of the following is such a disorder?

Accepted Answer

Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disorder that can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and can lead to intellectual disability.

Question 17

The best known chromosomal abnormality associated with intellectual disability is __________; the most common type of this abnormality is __________.

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is the best-known chromosomal abnormality associated with intellectual disability, and the most common type of this abnormality is trisomy 21, where an individual has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two.

Question 18

What is the "cloak of competence"?

Accepted Answer

The "cloak of competence" refers to the tendency of individuals with developmental disorders to deny their cognitive difficulties and attempt to pass as "normal" in society. They do this by covering up their difficulties and presenting a façade of competence.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true concerning phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare inherited disorder, occurring in approximately 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 15,000 live births in North America, not 1 in 100-500 as stated.

Question 20

The three chromosomal abnormalities that cause Down syndrome are:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three chromosomal abnormalities that cause Down...

Quiz 14: Neurodevelopmental Disorders