Question 1

A patient is found to have high cholesterol and triglyceride levels.He is told he has type II hyperlipidemia.Which should be explained to this patient concerning this condition?

Accepted Answer

It will be important to get the patient to comply with diet,medication,and lifestyle changes to save his life.

Question 2

Regarding the use of nitrate products for coronary artery disease,the nurse should instruct a patient about the benefits of taking nitrates using which of the following statements? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Nitrates decrease myocardial oxygen use and increase small blood vessels in the heart (collaterals)so that there is better oxygen supply to the inner layer of heart muscle.These products work rapidly orally but change in the liver to inactive products.

Question 3

A patient comes to the physician's office complaining of constipation after starting his antihyperlipidemic medication.The nurse tells the patient to take the laxative the physician has prescribed and to eat a diet high in bulk.Which is a high-bulk food?

Accepted Answer

The use of high-bulk food such as bran and a laxative may allow patients to stay on an antihyperlipidemic drug plan.

Question 4

A patient is scheduled to leave the hospital tomorrow.He has been instructed to take nitroglycerin sublingually if angina is experienced.Which instruction would the nurse give concerning the use of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin may be repeated because the half-life sublingually is only 1 to 4 minutes.

Question 5

Under which condition should the nurse hold the patient's digitalis medication?

Accepted Answer

If the apical rate is below 60,the medication should not be given and the physician or other health care provider should be notified,unless there is a written order giving different directions.

Question 6

The LPN/LVN should have some understanding about fluid and electrolyte balance.Which is a good rule to remember about this concept?

Accepted Answer

A good rule to remember is that water tends to follow sodium; with sodium loss,there is water lost in urine.

Question 7

The treatment of hypertension in patients is accomplished at many sites in the body.The nurse administers diuretics to help achieve the goal of reducing the blood pressure through which means? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Diuretics indirectly reduce blood pressure by producing sodium and water loss and lowering the tone or rigidity of the arteries.

Question 8

Which is a nitrate compound that is used therapeutically to relieve acute attacks of angina?

Accepted Answer

Rapid-acting nitrates are used most commonly to relieve pain in acute angina.

Question 9

Which is primarily used as an antidysrhythmic drug?

Accepted Answer

Verapamil is a class IV antidysrhythmic drug.

Question 10

Lidocaine may be used for treating dysrhythmias in which situation?

Accepted Answer

Lidocaine is a widely used IV medication used in the treatment of dysrhythmias.

Question 11

For which patient would the nurse anticipate oral replacement therapy would be contraindicated?

Accepted Answer

Oral fluids are contraindicated and should not be used in patients with intestinal obstruction or bowel perforation (opening).IV fluids with replacement electrolytes are required.

Question 12

Which is a life-threatening dysrhythmia that is often treated with lidocaine (Xylocaine)?

Accepted Answer

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)is used in the treatment of life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias.

Question 13

Procainamide was prescribed for a patient who has ventricular tachycardia.Which adverse actions of this medication should the nurse explain to the patient? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Procainamide may cause anorexia and severe hypotension.

Question 14

A serum digitalis level is needed to evaluate whether the patient has reached a therapeutic level.Which is an acceptable therapeutic level for digoxin?

Accepted Answer

The serum level of digoxin needed to achieve a therapeutic effect is 0.5 to 2 ng/mL (nanogram/milliliter).The toxic serum level is 2.5 ng/mL.

Question 15

The LPN/LVN must be aware that digitalis can cause toxicity; it can also cause hormonal effects in male patients.Which hormonal problems can this medication cause a male patient?

Accepted Answer

Male users of digoxin have reported estrogen-type effects such as gynecomastia (enlargement of the breasts in men)and breast tenderness.

Question 16

Prior to administering digoxin,what should the nurse do first?

Accepted Answer

Because these medications lower the patient's heart rate,the nurse should always take the patient's apical heart rate with a stethoscope before giving these drugs.

Question 17

The nurse is caring for an older adult patient with fever,dehydration,and diarrhea.Which does the nurse anticipate will be used in treating this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Fluid/electrolyte mixtures and minerals are used in solutions to treat dehydration,electrolyte loss,and especially diarrhea.

Question 18

Which symptoms exhibited by a patient taking quinidine indicate toxicity? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Patients with toxic effects of quinidine (cinchonism)will complain of tinnitus,lightheadedness,headache,fever,vertigo,nausea,vomiting,and dizziness.

Question 19

A mother brings her 10-month-old daughter into the clinic because of diarrhea that has lasted for 8 hours.Which are signs of dehydration that the nurse would expect to see in this infant?

Accepted Answer

Signs of dehydration in infants include decreased urinary output and hypotension.

Question 20

The nurse instructs a cardiac patient about the freshness of nitroglycerin sublingual tablets.Which instructions are important for the nurse to tell the patient about the medication? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin should be replaced every 3 months.There should be a burning sensation under the tongue and a throbbing feeling in the head after taking nitroglycerin.

Quiz 12: Cardiovascular and Renal Medications