Question 1

Which term is associated with the observation that historically it has been very rare for democratic countries to fight wars against one another?

Accepted Answer

The term "Democratic Peace" refers to the observation that democratic countries tend not to fight wars against one another, as they share similar values and institutions that promote peaceful conflict resolution. This phenomenon has been observed throughout history and is a subject of study in political science and international relations.

Question 2

Which refers to peaceful negotiations among countries?

Accepted Answer

Diplomacy refers to the peaceful negotiations and resolution of conflicts among countries through communication, compromise, and negotiation.

Question 3

What actor is the central actor in foreign policy in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The President of the United States is the central actor in foreign policy, as they have the authority to negotiate treaties, appoint ambassadors, and serve as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

Question 4

Groups like the United Nations and the World Trade Organization are bodies that are created to help stimulate what type of foreign policy tool?

Accepted Answer

Both the United Nations and the World Trade Organization are examples of multilateral organizations, meaning that they involve multiple nations working together towards a common goal. As such, they are both designed to stimulate multilateral diplomacy, or diplomacy that involves multiple nations working together towards a common goal.

Question 5

The disjunction between countries' interests in protecting domestic industries through high tariffs and the international community's common interest in preserving a system of free trade among nations creates multiple ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The situation described is a classic example of a Prisoner's Dilemma, where individual countries have an incentive to protect their own industries, even though cooperation (free trade) would lead to a better outcome for all.

Question 6

____________________ power is the use of nonmilitary pressure,such as economic sanctions,diplomatic pressure,or public shaming,against another country.

Accepted Answer

Soft power refers to the ability to attract and co-opt rather than coerce or use force. It includes the use of nonmilitary means to shape the preferences of others, such as through cultural exchange programs, educational exchanges, and economic aid. Soft power is often contrasted with hard power, which involves the use of military force and coercion to achieve objectives. Therefore, economic sanctions, diplomatic pressure, and public shaming are examples of soft power tools that can be used to influence other countries.

Question 7

The French invasion of Mexico in 1862 is contrary to the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The Monroe Doctrine, established in 1823, asserted that any attempt by European powers to colonize or interfere in the affairs of the newly independent states in the Americas would be viewed as a threat to the United States. The French invasion of Mexico, led by Napoleon III, violated this principle.

Question 8

Which of the following types of foreign aid is clearly designed to promote the interests of the government who uses it?

Accepted Answer

Military aid is clearly designed to promote the interests of the government providing it, as it often supports the recipient government's military and security forces. Other forms of foreign aid, such as humanitarian aid and disaster aid, are meant to address humanitarian needs and are not explicitly driven by government interests. Program aid can also be driven by a desire to achieve specific policy goals, but these goals may not always align with the interests of the providing government.

Question 9

The United States freezes the bank accounts of the country of Pottsylvania that are housed within U.S.borders in response to the country's recent refusal to sign onto international human rights treaties.What type of pressure is the United States using against Pottsylvania?

Accepted Answer

The United States is using economic pressure by freezing the bank accounts of Pottsylvania.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes American use of military action since 1900?

Accepted Answer

Since 1900, the United States has shifted from using military action primarily for increasing land to a wider variety of reasons, such as preserving order and protecting American interests. The use of military action has not decreased significantly, and although Congress has not always voted to declare war, they have often approved military action. Additionally, while the United States has not always sought out multilateral cooperation for war, they have done so in some instances, such as during the Korean War and the Gulf War. Therefore, B is the best choice to describe American use of military action since 1900.

Question 11

The ____________________ is the United States' chief diplomat.

Accepted Answer

The United States' chief diplomat is the Secretary of State, who is responsible for diplomacy and foreign relations. The President and Vice President also have important roles in foreign policy, but the Secretary of State is specifically responsible for leading the State Department and representing the U.S. in diplomatic negotiations with other countries. The Secretary of Defense is responsible for military strategy and operations, while the Ambassador to the United Nations represents the U.S. in the UN.

Question 12

Two roommates,Greg and Derek,are trying to divide up a 9-slice pizza.Greg,a baseball fan,agrees to let Derek have 5 slices of the pizza in return for their apartment's TV being tuned to the Pittsburgh Pirates game that evening.What concept are Greg and Derek engaging in?

Accepted Answer

Greg and Derek are engaging in bargaining, where they are negotiating the distribution of the pizza slices and agreeing to a trade-off. Greg is giving up some of his share of the pizza in exchange for something he values, which is having the TV tuned to his favorite team's game. Unilateralism, cherry-picking, idealism, and fanaticism are not relevant concepts in this scenario.

Question 13

Which federal agency has primary responsibility for gathering intelligence on activities in foreign countries?

Accepted Answer

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has primary responsibility for gathering intelligence on activities in foreign countries. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) primarily focuses on domestic law enforcement and investigations, while the National Security Agency (NSA) focuses on signals intelligence and communications interception. The Secret Service primarily focuses on protecting the President and other high-level officials. The Office of International Intelligence is not a federal agency.

Question 14

The United States government negotiates a treaty with New Zealand involving the trading of sheep.Which government official would be most directly involved in the formulation and signing of this treaty?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Trade Representative is responsible for negotiating and implementing international trade agreements on behalf of the United States, so this official would be most directly involved in the negotiation and signing of a trade treaty involving sheep with New Zealand. The Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Commerce, and Ambassador to the United Nations may also have some involvement in the process, but the U.S. Trade Representative would be the primary official.

Question 15

____________________ is the organized use of deadly force by a government.

Accepted Answer

Military action is the organized use of deadly force by a government, which involves the use of armed forces to achieve a particular objective, such as securing territory, defending national interests or protecting citizens from external threats.

Question 16

Which is an approach to foreign policy that advocates for a country to engage actively with other countries and to become involved in international organizations?

Accepted Answer

Internationalism is an approach to foreign policy that advocates for active engagement with other countries and involvement in international organizations. This approach aims to promote cooperation and collaboration among nations in pursuit of common goals and interests. It emphasizes the importance of international law, diplomacy, and multilateralism in addressing global challenges and conflicts. Postnationalism, prenationalism, exceptionalism, and provincialism are not the most appropriate choices as they do not advocate for active engagement with other countries and involvement in international organizations.

Question 17

Along with the Department of State,the Department of ____________________ is at the center of the permanent staff within the government devoted to foreign policy.

Accepted Answer

The Department of Defense is at the center of the permanent staff within the government devoted to foreign policy, along with the Department of State. Other departments may have some involvement in foreign policy, but Defense and State are the primary players.

Question 18

____________________ pressure represents an intermediate level of action between diplomacy and military engagement.

Accepted Answer

Economic pressure involves the use of economic tools, such as sanctions and trade restrictions, to apply pressure on a country or entity to change its behavior without resorting to military force. It is often seen as an intermediate option between diplomatic engagement and military action.

Question 19

Which principle of American foreign policy asserts that the Western Hemisphere is exclusively within the United States' sphere of influence?

Accepted Answer

The principle described in the question is the Monroe Doctrine, which was declared by President James Monroe in 1823 and asserted US opposition to European colonization and intervention in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 20

The War Powers Act requires the president to notify Congress within ____________________ of ordering military action.

Accepted Answer

The War Powers Act, passed in 1973, requires the president to notify Congress within 48 hours of ordering military action. This notification must include the reasons for the military action, the legal justification for it, and the estimated scope and duration of the operation. If the military action lasts for more than 60 days, Congress must authorize its continuation, or the president must withdraw the troops.

Quiz 17: Foreign Policy