Question 1

In which of the following situations are people MOST likely to make a decision about another person based on the first information they are given,rather than considering all of the information they receive equally?

Accepted Answer

When people are under time pressure, they tend to rely on heuristics or mental shortcuts to make decisions. The first information they receive becomes more salient, so they are more likely to use it as the basis for their decision. This is known as the "primacy effect."

Question 2

Research suggests that people in a positive mood process information _____,while people in a negative mood process information _____.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people in a positive mood tend to process information heuristically and experientially, relying more on shortcuts and past experiences. On the other hand, people in a negative mood tend to process information carefully and deliberately, paying more attention to details and using systematic processing. Therefore, option C, experientially and heuristically for positive mood and carefully and deliberately for negative mood, is the correct answer.

Question 3

According to the existential perspective,why are people quite sensitive to even small violations of expected meanings?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the existential perspective,why are people...

Question 4

People want to reach closure quickly in all of the following EXCEPT which situation?

Accepted Answer

When beliefs that are central to a person's personal worth are challenged, they may resist reaching closure quickly. This is because it can cause discomfort or cognitive dissonance. In this situation, people may take the time to reevaluate their beliefs and process their emotions before coming to a resolution.

Question 5

Research suggests that the more _____ people have devoted to a judgment,the more their _____ will influence the judgment.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the more thought individuals have invested in making a judgment, the greater the influence their mood will have on that judgment. This is because the mood can affect the cognitive processes involved in making decisions, especially when individuals engage in reflective thought.

Question 6

Mood is defined as a:

Accepted Answer

Mood is a generalized state of affect that persists longer than the experience of an emotion. It is not tied to a particular appraisal, physiological state, or concrete behavioral intention. While moods can be influenced by specific incidents, they are not necessarily traceable back to a single, identifiable incident. Moods are also distinct from general cognitive perceptions of the environment.

Question 7

What does current research suggest about the relationship between social cognition,emotion,and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that social cognition is influenced both by people's motivations and the emotions that they feel. Emotions can impact how social information is processed and remembered, and motivation can drive the way individuals perceive and respond to social situations. Additionally, cognitive processes such as attention and memory can interact with both emotion and motivation to shape social cognition. Overall, the relationship between social cognition, emotion, and motivation is complex and interdependent.

Question 8

Which of the following motives is NOT a primary influence on our processes of social cognition?

Accepted Answer

The other three motives (desire for certainty, desire to maintain beliefs and attitudes, desire to be accurate) are all primary influences on our social cognition, but the desire for cognitive uncertainty is not.

Question 9

A person's understanding of _____ is a compromise among a desire to be accurate,be certain,and hold valued beliefs.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that a person's understanding is influenced by their desire to be accurate, be certain, and hold valued beliefs, which all relate to their perception of reality. Therefore, reality is the best choice. A, B, and C are also important factors that influence a person's understanding, but they are not as all-encompassing as the concept of reality.

Question 10

Rodrigo is watching his favorite basketball team play an important game.What does research suggest Rodrigo will likely perceive with regard to the number of potential penalties committed by his favored team?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that fans, like Rodrigo, tend to perceive fewer potential penalties committed by their favored team compared to independent observations. This bias is due to their favoritism and partiality towards the team.

Question 11

What is the primary implication of the meaning maintenance model?

Accepted Answer

The primary implication of the meaning maintenance model is that when people encounter situations that seem meaningless or uncertain, they strive to maintain and affirm their existing meanings and morals, even in unrelated areas. This is known as meaning restoration. People are not usually willing to completely revise their meaning systems, as suggested in option C. Option A is too broad and option B is incorrect, as people's meanings can change and evolve throughout their lives.

Question 12

In a study by Bless and colleagues (1990),students were presented with weak or strong arguments for tuition increases,after being put in either a positive or negative mood.What was the central finding of the study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study by Bless and colleagues...

Question 13

At a cognitive level,metaphors allow people to make sense of _____,using their knowledge of _____.

Accepted Answer

Metaphors allow people to understand abstract concepts by using knowledge of concrete concepts. For example, understanding love as a journey or life as a game, both of which are concrete concepts, helps people make sense of abstract concepts like emotions, experiences, and ideas. Therefore, option B, which says metaphors allow people to make sense of abstract concepts using their knowledge of concrete concepts, is the best choice.

Question 14

All of the following are true about motivation and social cognition EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not entirely true. When people are motivated to gain a clear simple understanding, they may actually rely on heuristics instead of processing all the information.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is an implication of the research on the role of metaphor in social cognition?

Accepted Answer

The research on the role of metaphor in social cognition suggests that people construct an understanding of abstract ideas by drawing on their knowledge of sensory and motor experiences from very early in development. This implies that metaphor is a fundamental tool for social cognition, rather than something only utilized by certain demographics such as the well-educated or creative thinkers. Option A is incorrect as it generalizes the demographics that use metaphor; Option C is incorrect as it suggests a unidirectional relationship between concrete and abstract concepts; Option D is incorrect as it suggests that metaphors are only activated subliminally, which is not supported by research.

Question 16

What does research on priming and motivation suggest will happen if a person is primed with words related to hunger,and then they are then offered a candy bar by one of their friends?

Accepted Answer

Priming with hunger-related words can increase the likelihood of eating if the person is already hungry, as it activates related motivations.

Question 17

Leymah came to a party in a generally bad mood,because before leaving her house she found out that her favorite aunt became ill.Leymah is currently single,and at the party her friend Ellen introduces her to several people whom she thinks Leymah might be interested in dating.How does research suggest Leymah will interact with these potential dating partners?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that when individuals are in a negative mood, they are more likely to think carefully and critically about potential partners, rather than jumping into a relationship. Therefore, Leymah is more likely to be skeptical and carefully consider each potential dating partner that her friend Ellen introduces her to.

Question 18

What does research suggest that people are likely to do if they are primed with words related to the concept "elderly"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does research suggest that people are...

Question 19

All of the following are true about metaphors EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Metaphors help people solidify their understanding of concrete ideas" is not true about metaphors. Metaphors are often used to help people understand abstract concepts by linking them to more concrete and familiar ideas.

Question 20

_____ organize knowledge about a given idea,but _____ connect an idea to knowledge of an unrelated abstract concept.

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental structures that organize knowledge about a given idea, while metaphors are figures of speech that connect an idea to knowledge of an unrelated abstract concept. Therefore, option A accurately distinguishes between the two concepts. The other options either mix up the definitions of schemas and metaphors or are too vague.

Quiz 3: The Core Elements of Social Cognition