Question 1

Evolutionary psychologists have found that physical strength and dominance in men has been important in the past, but today's women prefer men ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evolutionary psychologists have found that physical strength...

Question 2

According to evolutionary psychology, in general, men prefer women

Accepted Answer

According to evolutionary psychology, men are attracted to women who exhibit physical signs of reproductive fitness, such as a symmetrical face, clear skin, and a healthy body. These characteristics are believed to indicate good health and fertility, making them desirable to mate with. External resources and physical protection may also be valued, but they are not necessarily the primary focus of male sexual attraction. Aggressive behavior and jealousy are not generally considered desirable traits in a partner.

Question 3

Which of these situations illustrates the physical attractiveness stereotype?

Accepted Answer

All the situations illustrate the physical attractiveness stereotype, where people are judged or treated differently based on their physical appearance.

Question 4

According to the text, people across cultures tend to ___________ in terms of who is and is not attractive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, people across cultures...

Question 5

Daniel is in a psychology experiment, where he is shown a bunch of words as stimuli and is supposed to categorize them as "good" or "bad" as quickly as possible. Although he doesn't know it, he is also very briefly (below the threshold of perception) shown an image of an attractive or unattractive face prior to the presentation of each word. What type of face will be associated with the fastest response time for "good" words?

Accepted Answer

This experiment is testing the facial priming effect, which suggests that exposure to certain stimuli (in this case, an attractive or unattractive face) can influence our subsequent judgments or behaviors. Previous research has found that exposure to attractive faces can lead to more positive evaluations and faster response times in various tasks. Therefore, it is likely that an attractive face will be associated with the fastest response time for "good" words in this experiment.

Question 6

Kellick had Harvard students indicate their impressions of eight women, judging from photos taken before or after cosmetic surgery, and found that

Accepted Answer

Post-surgery women were perceived as kinder and more likable, suggesting that cosmetic changes influenced positive social perceptions.

Question 7

Clifford and Hatfield showed fifth-grade teachers identical information about a boy or girl, with the photograph attached of an attractive or unattractive child. The teachers judged _____ as being _____.

Accepted Answer

Clifford and Hatfield's study showed that the teachers judged attractive children as more intelligent and successful in school. The study did not provide evidence for any of the other options.

Question 8

If physically dominant males gain more access to females, over many generations, this will serve to enhance male aggression and dominance. This is an explanation of sex differences in behaviour that would be favored by

Accepted Answer

The explanation given is in line with the perspective of evolutionary psychologists, who view behavior through an evolutionary lens and consider the ways in which natural selection may have shaped behavior over time.

Question 9

According to research, ______________ is quite attractive, and what's attractive therefore feels ______________ than what's atypical and unattractive.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that what is considered perfectly average in appearance tends to be perceived as more attractive, and this attractiveness lends a sense of familiarity to the observer. This phenomenon is often explained by the mere-exposure effect, where people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.

Question 10

Small average differences between attractive and unattractive people in areas like self-confidence and social skills are probably the result of

Accepted Answer

Small average differences between attractive and unattractive people in areas like self-confidence and social skills are probably the result of self-fulfilling prophecies. This means that people's expectations and reactions towards attractive and unattractive people influence their behavior and ultimately lead to similar levels of self-confidence and social skills.

Question 11

The preference for those who are physically attractive is evident among

Accepted Answer

The preference for physically attractive individuals has been shown across all age groups, from babies gazing at faces to adults judging other adults and children. Thus, all of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Studies of computer composites of faces show that

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that perfectly average faces are perceived as attractive due to being symmetrical and proportional. Features that deviate too far from the average, such as extreme caricatures of attractive features, are often perceived as unattractive.

Question 13

Mary is quite attractive (a 4 on a 5-point scale), but Liz is strikingly attractive (a 5 on a 5-point scale). Research suggests that if Mary makes $35,000 a year on her job, Liz will probably make ____________ doing the same job.

Accepted Answer

This question is likely testing the "beauty premium," which suggests that more attractive individuals may earn higher salaries than less attractive individuals for doing the same job. One study found that for every one-point increase on a five-point attractiveness scale, a person's salary increased by 3-4%. Therefore, if Mary makes $35,000 and is a 4 on the attractiveness scale, Liz (who is a 5) could be expected to make around 3-4% more, which would be approximately $37,000.

Question 14

According to evolutionary psychology, sex differences in male and female behaviour is related to

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology suggests that differences in male and female behavior are related to mating and reproduction. Males are evolutionarily programmed to seek out multiple partners to increase their chances of passing on their genes, while females are more selective in order to ensure the survival and success of their offspring. This leads to differences in behavior such as males being more aggressive and competitive, and females being more nurturing and choosy in their mating decisions.

Question 15

The physical-attractiveness stereotype refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

The physical-attractiveness stereotype suggests that people who are physically attractive have more positive traits and are therefore "good" in society's eyes. This idea is often reinforced in media and pop culture.

Question 16

According to the text, attractiveness probably most affects

Accepted Answer

The text states that attractiveness has a significant impact on first impressions, which suggests that it may have a greater influence on initial meetings or brief encounters rather than long-term romantic relationships or academic success. There is no mention of co-habiting versus married couples in relation to attractiveness.

Question 17

Which of the following traits is not assumed of physically attractive people?

Accepted Answer

While physically attractive people may be assumed to possess traits like intelligence, happiness and sexual warmth, honesty is not necessarily a trait that is correlated with physical attractiveness.

Question 18

Evolutionary psychology suggests that _______________ gain more access to females.

Accepted Answer

According to evolutionary psychology, physical dominance has been linked to increased access to females because it suggests greater physical strength and ability to protect and provide resources for offspring. This concept is known as the "dominance hierarchy" and has been observed in many animal species including humans.

Question 19

Evolutionary psychology suggests that males prefer youthful female characteristics that signify

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology suggests that males are attracted to youthful female characteristics as they signify reproductive capacity. This is seen as a desirable trait in women as it allows for the continuation of their genes through offspring. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 20

Cross-cultural research on attractiveness has indicated that

Accepted Answer

There is a surprising level of consensus both within and across cultures about the criteria of attractiveness, suggesting that certain aspects of what people find attractive may be universal or influenced by human biology and evolutionary pressures, rather than solely by cultural factors.

Quiz 10: Attraction and Intimacy: Liking and Loving Others