Question 1

Facial expressions are _______ as emblems are _______.

Accepted Answer

Facial expressions are species-specific, meaning they are common across humans, while emblems are culture-specific, meaning they vary between different cultures.

Question 2

The text presents a study by Masuda and his colleagues (2008)in which researchers compared how participants perceived a central character when the surrounding characters in a picture either matched or did not match the central character's facial expression.What were they examining in this study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The text presents a study by Masuda...

Question 3

Which of the following aspects of nonverbal expression do not differ between cultures?

Accepted Answer

The importance of the face in communicating emotional states is a universal aspect of nonverbal expression that does not differ between cultures. This is because facial expressions are innate and biologically determined, rather than learned behaviors.

Question 4

Sarah,a student at a Canadian university,has just arrived in Bolivia for a study year abroad.When meeting her host parents,she notices that they stand very close to her as they speak.She feels uncomfortable until she realizes that

Accepted Answer

The host parents standing very close to Sarah as they speak indicates that they have different cultural norms concerning the use of space. In many Latin American cultures, people stand closer together when speaking, which might feel uncomfortable for someone from a culture where personal space is valued.

Question 5

Shontel's family is hosting a Japanese exchange student,Yukiko,at their home for a year.Shontel notices that Yukiko hides her smile behind her hands.After reading Chapter 4 (Social Perception),Shontel learns that Yukiko hides her smile because

Accepted Answer

Japanese cultural norms encourage women to hide their smiles behind their hands, as it is considered more polite and modest. Therefore, it is likely that Yukiko is adhering to these cultural norms even while in an American household.

Question 6

Based on research in Chapter 4 of the text,which of the following cultures is LEAST likely to discourage displays of anger in facial expressions.

Accepted Answer

American culture is generally more accepting of expressing individual emotions, including anger, compared to many Asian cultures, which often emphasize harmony and restraint.

Question 7

The text presents a study by Masuda and his colleagues (2008)that compared how participants perceived a central character when the surrounding characters in a picture either matched or did not match the central character's facial expression. Which group of participants spent more time looking at people in the periphery?

Accepted Answer

The study found that participants from an Eastern culture (Japan) spent more time looking at people in the periphery compared to participants from a Western culture (USA).

Question 8

_______ are culture-specific norms that dictate what kinds of emotional expression are allowed.

Accepted Answer

Display rules are culture-specific norms that dictate what kinds of emotional expression are allowed. These rules can dictate when, where, and how much a particular emotion should be displayed, and they vary across cultures.

Question 9

_______ is to species-specific as _______ are to culture-specific.

Accepted Answer

Facial expressions are generally considered to be universal and species-specific, meaning they are recognized across different human cultures (e.g., happiness, sadness, anger). Emblems, on the other hand, are gestures or signs that have specific meanings within a particular culture and are thus culture-specific.

Question 10

On a visit to Australia,former President George H.W.Bush offended the Australians when he flashed the two-fingered peace sign to a crowd.This is an example of how the use of _______,which vary from culture to culture,may lead to confusion or conflict if used outside of the user's culture.

Accepted Answer

The use of hand gestures, such as the peace sign, are considered emblems that have different meanings and interpretations in different cultures. In this case, the peace sign is a symbol for victory in Australia and flashing it with the palm facing inward is considered an insult. Therefore, using an emblem from one's own culture can lead to confusion or conflict in other cultures.

Question 11

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a display rule that governs the expression of emotions?

Accepted Answer

Display rules typically dictate that strong emotions, especially negative ones like anger, are often not expressed openly in public in many cultures, including India.

Question 12

Not only do display rules make it difficult to decode what someone is feeling by observing his or her face,but people also frequently display

Accepted Answer

Affect blends refer to the mixing of two or more emotions on a person's face, which can make it difficult to accurately decode their emotions. The other options (facial masking, facial ambivalence, emblems, and nonverbal masking) do not specifically relate to the challenge of decoding emotions from facial expressions.

Question 13

Gestures that have a clear meaning within a culture,but which may not be universally understood,are called

Accepted Answer

These gestures are called emblems, which are specific gestures that have a clear meaning within a particular culture or group, but may not be widely recognized or understood outside of that culture.

Question 14

_______ refers to a facial expression in which one part of the face registers one emotion and another part of the face registers a different emotion.

Accepted Answer

Affect blend refers to a facial expression in which one part of the face registers one emotion (such as happiness) and another part of the face registers a different emotion (such as sadness). This can occur when a person experiences multiple emotions at the same time.

Question 15

Research on cultural differences in nonverbal behaviour (Masuda et al.,2008)found that when interpreting the facial expressions of a central figure American subjects were influenced by

Accepted Answer

American subjects tended to focus on the facial expression of the central figure only, often disregarding the expressions of the surrounding group or the context of the scene. This reflects a more individualistic cultural perspective, where emphasis is placed on the individual rather than the group or context.

Question 16

Students in Canada seldom applaud after a lecture,whereas students in Europe often applaud or rap their knuckles on their desks.This cultural difference reflects the power of _______ to influence nonverbal communication.

Accepted Answer

Display rules are cultural norms that dictate what emotions or behaviors are appropriate or not appropriate to display in social situations. In this case, the difference in whether or not students applaud after a lecture reflects a difference in display rules between Canadian and European cultures.

Question 17

Although certain facial expressions are easily encoded and decoded across the human species,display rules

Accepted Answer

Display rules are cultural norms that dictate which emotions and expressions are appropriate to display in particular situations. Therefore, they signal that culture is also important in understanding and interpreting facial expressions.

Question 18

Fifty years ago,it was considered extremely inappropriate for an African-American man to make eye contact with a white person,especially a white woman.Why?

Accepted Answer

In the social norms of the time, African-American men were often expected to maintain a lower social status and not challenge traditional power dynamics between races. Making direct eye contact with a white person, and especially a white woman, could be seen as a challenge to this power dynamic and was therefore considered a violation of display rules.

Question 19

Identify the six universal facial emotions originally proposed by Ekman.

Accepted Answer

Ekman proposed the six universal facial emotions to be happiness, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and surprise. Among the given options, only choice D lists these six emotions.

Question 20

The text presents a study by Masuda and his colleagues (2008)that examined cultural differences in social perception.They compared how participants perceived a central character when the surrounding characters in a picture either matched or did not match the central character's facial expression.What implications does this study have for the idea of analytic and holistic thinking styles?

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that holistic thinking, which is more prevalent in East Asian cultures, involves considering the social context more thoroughly, as evidenced by participants paying more attention to the expressions of surrounding characters when interpreting the central character's emotions.

Quiz 4: Social Perception

Facial expressions are _ as emblems are _.

The text presents a study by Masuda and his colleagues (2008) in which researchers compared how participants perceived a central character when the surrounding characters in a picture either matched or did not match the central character's facial expression.What were they examining in this study?