Question 1

A secondary school district redrafts its curriculum offerings into the following categories leading to graduation: early matriculation for 16-year-olds, and late matriculation for trades, technology, and college/university preparation. What term best identifies this school's structuring?
A)self-selection
B)aptitude selection
C) streaming
D) majoring

Accepted Answer

The school's structuring is best identified as streaming, which is the practice of separating students into different classes or course sequences based on perceived ability or future goals. In this case, the early matriculation and late matriculation tracks reflect different paths of study with different outcomes, similar to the way that traditional academic and vocational tracks were separated in some schools in the past. Self-selection and majoring are not accurate descriptions of this type of structuring, as the school is intentionally grouping students based on external factors rather than allowing them to choose their own paths or focus areas. Aptitude selection could be one way to justify streaming, but it is not mentioned in the scenario and is not necessarily the only factor driving the division between tracks.

Question 2

Karl Marx believed that the capitalist class uses religious ideology as a tool of domination to mislead the workers about their true interests. Which of the following concepts describes this phenomenon in Marxian terms?
A)the downfall of the proletariat
B)the alienation of all good people
C) the false consciousness of the poor
D) the opium of the people

Accepted Answer

The concept that best describes Marx's belief that the capitalist class uses religious ideology to mislead the workers is "the opium of the people." Marx famously referred to religion as "the opium of the people," by which he meant that religion was a kind of drug or distraction that kept the working class docile and obedient to their capitalist oppressors. In this way, Marx believed that religion served as a tool of domination and control over the working class.

Question 3

Which of the following is the term used for assigning students to specific courses and educational programs based on their test scores and/or previous grades?
A)grading
B)IQ grouping
C) organizing
D) streaming

Accepted Answer

Streaming is the term used for assigning students to specific courses and educational programs based on their test scores and/or previous grades.

Question 4

According to the text, what is the term used for the social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred?
A)terrorism
B)family
C) religion
D) education

Accepted Answer

The term used for the social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred is religion.

Question 5

Adopting the views of Karl Marx, what would a person say the capitalist class uses religious ideology to do?
A)maintain social order
B)dominate and mislead
C) promote social harmony
D) challenge inequality

Accepted Answer

According to Karl Marx, the capitalist class uses religious ideology to dominate and mislead the working class. Marx believed that religion was used as a tool for oppression and control by those in power. The ruling class would use religion to preach submission, obedience, and acceptance of their position in society, while reinforcing the idea that poverty and oppression were predestined and unchangeable. This would prevent the working class from recognizing and challenging the inequalities and exploitation perpetuated by the capitalist system.

Question 6

Which of the following statements describes what sociologists call the "hidden curriculum"?
A)There are rules, procedures, and norms taught to learners as part of their lessons.
B)There are rules, procedures, and norms that are taught in addition to the formal curriculum.
C) There are educational objectives that serve to restrict opportunities for visible minorities.
D) There are educational lessons that provide more opportunities for visible minorities.

Accepted Answer

The hidden curriculum refers to the implicit or unintended lessons taught in school that are beyond the formal curriculum, including values, beliefs, and behaviors. These are often conveyed through rules, procedures, and norms that are not explicitly taught but are made visible through interactions with teachers, peers, and the school environment.

Question 7

According to the text, how many major world religions are there?
A)at least 10
B)at least 14
C) at least 22
D) at least 29

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, how many major...

Question 8

According to the text, what would it take to get reluctant youths to attend church more often?
A)If their friends were going, they would attend too.
B)It would take a personal relationship with God.
C) It would take a powerful conversion experience.
D) They would attend if they thought it was worthwhile.

Accepted Answer

The text states that reluctant youths would attend church more often if they thought it was worthwhile. While some of the other options, such as having friends attending or a personal relationship with God, may be factors that could influence attendance, the text does not directly state that these are necessary or sufficient for getting reluctant youths to attend church more often.

Question 9

According to your text, what has religion shown that it can do locally, nationally, and globally?
A)It can cause wars and disharmony, and tear people apart, removing the potential for peaceful resolutions.
B)It can contribute to the advancement of knowledge, but at the expense of peace.
C) It can bring people together and tear them apart.
D) It offers a path to peace, always bringing people together.

Accepted Answer

The text states that religion can bring people together and tear them apart, implying that it has both positive and negative impacts on local, national, and global communities.

Question 10

What are open, stated, and intended goals or consequences of activities within an organization or institution?
A)latent functions
B)manifest functions
C) purposeful functions
D) planned functions

Accepted Answer

Manifest functions are the open, stated, and intended goals or consequences of activities within an organization or institution. These are the functions that are specifically designed and planned to accomplish a certain goal or objective.

Question 11

Which of the following is a main result of credentialism, according to the text?
A)Individuals become overqualified in pursuing credentials.
B)Only people who have the required skills can get a job.
C) Class advantage and social status become linked to having academic credentials.
D) It produces a more competitive society.

Accepted Answer

The text states that credentialism links class advantage and social status to having academic credentials, creating a hierarchical system that favors those with higher education and credentials. Option A is only one of the effects of credentialism, but it is not the main result. Option B is incorrect because credentialism may actually create a barrier for individuals without the resources to pursue higher education, regardless of their skills. Option D is not mentioned in the text.

Question 12

According to the text, which of the following outlines the feminist standpoint theory developed by Harding (1991)?
A)Women's oppression has slowed their knowledge growth, but they now have much to offer the scientific community.
B)Women's unique understanding of the world could be used to create a superior body of scientific knowledge.
C) Women's approach to science has enabled many revelations by men, but credit is now due to the women.
D) Women are now receiving superior scientific educations and deserve the same opportunities as men.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, which of the...

Question 13

According to the text, which of the following reflects a functionalist view of school functions?
A)Schools transmit universal social values and teach acceptable social practices.
B)Schools are designed along the lines of an open curriculum, and ongoing cooperation.
C) Schools are said to promote cooperation among students, not competition.
D) Schools operate on the principle that those with the least ability are rewarded.

Accepted Answer

Functionalists view schools as institutions that transmit universal social values and teach acceptable social practices. Schools are seen as promoting social harmony and cohesion by ensuring that generations of students learn and internalize the same values and norms, thereby ensuring the continuity of society. This view emphasizes the role of schools in socializing students to become responsible citizens who obey the law and contribute to the well-being of the community.

Question 14

Cecilia is a sociology professor who believes that religion, as a social institution, is necessary for the maintenance of society. Of the following, whose argument does her ideas most resemble?
A)Émile Durkheim
B)Max Weber
C) Talcott Parsons
D) Robert Merton

Accepted Answer

Émile Durkheim argued that religion is necessary for the maintenance of society and that it provides social cohesion and a sense of belonging for individuals within a community.

Question 15

Which of the following theorists suggested that students come to school with different social assets?
A)Émile Durkheim
B)Pierre Bourdieu
C) Jeannie Oakes
D) Max Weber

Accepted Answer

Pierre Bourdieu developed the concept of cultural capital, which suggests that students come to school with different social assets, such as knowledge, skills, and cultural experiences, that can influence their academic success.

Question 16

What did Marx mean when he referred to religion as the "opium of the people"?
A)Religion soothes the disadvantaged like a narcotic, blinding them to social inequalities.
B)Once committed to religion, one cannot escape its soothing clutches.
C) The satisfaction derived from religion is very intense, something like a narcotic.
D) The effect of religion is due to the religious feeling itself, not the church or organization.

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that religion was used as a tool of oppression by the ruling class to keep the working class quiet and compliant. He argued that religion provided a false sense of hope and comfort for those who were suffering, distracting them from the reality of their situation and preventing them from seeking real solutions to their problems. In this sense, he believed that religion acted like a drug, numbing people to the pain of their oppression and making them more willing to accept their lot in life. Thus, he famously referred to religion as the "opium of the people."

Question 17

According to research cited in the text, which of the following conclusions were drawn from the experiment in which teachers at an elementary school were intentionally misinformed that certain children were extremely intelligent?
A)The teachers went out of the way to avoid treating these students differently, and found no differences a year later.
B)There was no significant impact of the labelling effect of IQ scores.
C) There were marked academic gains among the "so-called" extremely intelligent students.
D) These positive teacher expectations actually created less successful students.

Accepted Answer

The research found that the "so-called" extremely intelligent students experienced marked academic gains as a result of the positive teacher expectations created by the experiment.

Question 18

What is the term for the implicit transmission of cultural values such as conformity and obedience to authority through the school's rules, routines, and regulations?
A)a tracking system
B)the hidden curriculum
C) a latent function of education
D) an educational indoctrination

Accepted Answer

The term for the implicit transmission of cultural values such as conformity and obedience to authority through the school's rules, routines, and regulations is known as the hidden curriculum. This refers to the unspoken or implicit lessons that students learn through their everyday experiences within the education system.

Question 19

According to the text, which group of children fare better in school because of an advantaged home environment?
A)immigrant children
B)affluent children
C) intelligent children
D) Asian children

Accepted Answer

The text states that children from affluent homes fare better in school because of an advantaged home environment. No information is given about the other groups mentioned.

Question 20

How does a Weberian conflict perspective explain the role of religion in reinforcing existing social arrangements?
A)Religion teaches that material success is sinful.
B)Religion teaches that power and privilege is a sign of God's disapproval.
C) Religion teaches that if the poor work hard and live a moral life, they will be rewarded in another life.
D) Religion teaches that if the rich work hard, they will be rewarded with earthly possessions.

Accepted Answer

According to Weberian conflict perspective, religion perpetuates the existing social arrangements by promoting the idea that the poor are responsible for their own poverty due to their lack of morality or hard work. Religion assures the poor that if they lead a moral life and work hard, they will be rewarded in the afterlife. This justifies the existing social order by maintaining the status quo and discouraging social change. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it reinforces the existing social arrangements by legitimizing inequality and preserving the dominance of the ruling class.

Quiz 10: Learning What Is True: Religion, Science, and Education

A secondary school district redrafts its curriculum offerings into the following categories leading to graduation: early matriculation for 16-year-olds, and late matriculation for trades, technology, and college/university preparation. What term best identifies this school's structuring?

Karl Marx believed that the capitalist class uses religious ideology as a tool of domination to mislead the workers about their true interests. Which of the following concepts describes this phenomenon in Marxian terms?

Which of the following is the term used for assigning students to specific courses and educational programs based on their test scores and/or previous grades?

According to the text, what is the term used for the social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred?

Adopting the views of Karl Marx, what would a person say the capitalist class uses religious ideology to do?

Which of the following statements describes what sociologists call the "hidden curriculum"?

According to the text, how many major world religions are there?

According to the text, what would it take to get reluctant youths to attend church more often?

According to your text, what has religion shown that it can do locally, nationally, and globally?

What are open, stated, and intended goals or consequences of activities within an organization or institution?

Which of the following is a main result of credentialism, according to the text?

According to the text, which of the following outlines the feminist standpoint theory developed by Harding (1991) ?

According to the text, which of the following reflects a functionalist view of school functions?

Cecilia is a sociology professor who believes that religion, as a social institution, is necessary for the maintenance of society. Of the following, whose argument does her ideas most resemble?

Which of the following theorists suggested that students come to school with different social assets?

What did Marx mean when he referred to religion as the "opium of the people"?

According to research cited in the text, which of the following conclusions were drawn from the experiment in which teachers at an elementary school were intentionally misinformed that certain children were extremely intelligent?

What is the term for the implicit transmission of cultural values such as conformity and obedience to authority through the school's rules, routines, and regulations?

According to the text, which group of children fare better in school because of an advantaged home environment?

How does a Weberian conflict perspective explain the role of religion in reinforcing existing social arrangements?