Question 1

What is the status-maximizing theory of self-esteem, and what is the sociometer model? What do these perspectives have in common, and how are they different?

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Question 2

What is self-concept clarity, and what is self-complexity? What are some of the benefits of having either of these qualities?

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Question 3

What is the anxiety-buffer perspective on why people need self-esteem? Discuss some examples of research supporting this perspective.

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Question 4

What is the overjustification effect? Describe a research finding demonstrating this effect.

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Question 5

Describe the basic idea behind self-determination theory. What is extrinsic versus intrinsic motivation? What are the three basic needs posited by this theory?

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Question 6

Describe the phenomenon of compensation. How does self-affirmation theory build on this basic idea?

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Question 7

What is self-handicapping? Under what circumstances are people most likely to use this strategy?

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Question 8

What is the basic premise of symbolic self-completion theory? Give a hypothetical example of a phenomenon or situation that could be explained by this theory.

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Question 9

What is the basic idea behind cognitive dissonance theory? When is dissonance particularly disturbing? According to Festinger, what are the three most common ways to reduce dissonance?

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Question 10

Describe the dramaturgical perspective. What is the difference between a sincere and a cynical performance?

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Question 11

What is self-compassion? What are the three components of this experience?

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Question 12

What is a self-narrative? What are two of the most common self-narratives, according to research?

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Question 13

List and briefly discuss at least three of the five primary factors which research shows affects the magnitude of dissonance.

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Question 14

According to the self-evaluation maintenance model, when are we likely to compare ourselves to successful others, and when are we unlikely to do so? Discuss examples.

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Question 15

What is a flow state? What factors need to be satisfied for the individual to be in flow? What negative emotions can result when the individual is not in a state of flow?

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Question 16

Identify and briefly describe the two most common experimental paradigms used to examine dissonance.

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Question 17

Name and discuss at least two of the four primary implications of the body of research on self-esteem.

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Question 18

Discuss one of two applications of ideas from cognitive dissonance theory-either the hypocrisy paradigm or the idea of minimal deterrence. How does research in these areas relate to real-world issues?

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Question 19

What is the phenomenon of self-verification? What does research suggest about the consequences of this phenomenon?

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Question 20

Describe the trait of self-monitoring. What are some of the differences revealed by research between those who score low versus high in this trait?

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Quiz 6: The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth