Question 1

________________ is the idea that romantic relationships serve the desire to expand the self and grow.

Accepted Answer

The self-expansion model of relationships proposes that individuals seek romantic relationships to expand themselves and grow. It suggests that through interactions with a partner, individuals can increase their knowledge, skills, and identity, leading to personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 2

_____________ describes an attachment style characterized by a positive view of the self and others, low anxiety and avoidance, and satisfying stable relationships.

Accepted Answer

Securely attached individuals have a positive view of themselves and others, are comfortable with intimacy and feel secure in their relationships. They have low levels of anxiety and avoidance, and are able to form healthy, stable relationships. The other attachment styles (anxious-ambivalent, fearfully avoidant, and dismissive avoidant) all have varying levels of anxiety and avoidance that can make it more difficult to form stable, satisfying relationships.

Question 3

_____________ describes an attachment style characterized by a negative view of the self but a positive view of others, high anxiety and low avoidance, and intense but unstable relationships.

Accepted Answer

The described attachment style fits with the anxious-ambivalent style, which is characterized by a negative view of the self, a positive view of others, high anxiety, and low avoidance. This type of attachment often leads to intense but unstable relationships, as individuals with this style can become overly dependent on their partners and fear rejection or abandonment.

Question 4

Attachment theorists argue that childhood experiences with primary caregivers result in:

Accepted Answer

Attachment theorists argue that childhood experiences with primary caregivers lead to the development of a cognitive framework, or working model, that shapes future relationships throughout life. This model includes beliefs about oneself, others, and relationships, and influences how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social situations.

Question 5

Studies found that reminders of mortality:

Accepted Answer

Reminders of mortality, or "mortality salience," often lead individuals to seek meaning and continuity through procreation, thus increasing their desire for offspring as a way to achieve a form of immortality or legacy.

Question 6

According to terror management theory, close relationships help reduce:

Accepted Answer

Terror management theory suggests that one of the primary functions of close relationships is to provide a sense of belongingness and connectedness, which helps individuals manage their anxiety about death. Therefore, choice A is the correct option as it directly relates to the theory. The other options (fear of rejection, feelings of uncertainty, and the need for self-esteem) may also be addressed through close relationships, but they are not directly linked to terror management theory.

Question 7

A child who is not at that distressed when her or his mother leaves likely has which attachment style?

Accepted Answer

A child with an avoidant attachment style typically shows little distress when the mother leaves and may avoid her upon return.

Question 8

As a child, Jacob became upset anytime his mother would leave but was always easily calmed down when she returned. Which type of attachment style did Jacob have?

Accepted Answer

Jacob's behavior of becoming upset when his mother leaves and being easily calmed down when she returns is indicative of a secure attachment style. This style is characterized by using the caregiver as a secure base to explore the environment but becoming upset when they leave, as well as being easily comforted when they return.

Question 9

Research found that thinking about a current romantic partner reduces the need for defensiveness after a reminder of death, but only for people who are:

Accepted Answer

This research suggests that thinking about a current romantic partner can serve as a source of psychological security and reduce the need for defensive reactions following a reminder of death, but only for people who are securely attached. This is because securely attached individuals have a positive view of themselves and others, which makes them less likely to feel threatened by reminders of mortality. On the other hand, individuals who are low in self-esteem or insecurely attached may still feel threatened and defensive even when thinking about their current partner.

Question 10

According to Sternberg's triangular model of love, ____________ is characterized by high levels of intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's triangular model of love, consummate love is the ideal form of love, as it is characterized by high levels of intimacy, passion, and commitment. Romantic love is high in intimacy and passion but low in commitment, fatuous love is high in passion and commitment but low in intimacy, and compassionate love is high in intimacy and commitment but low in passion.

Question 11

__________________ are global feelings about the nature and worth of close relationships and other people's trustworthiness.

Accepted Answer

Working models of relationships are global beliefs or expectations about the nature and worth of close relationships and other people's trustworthiness. Attachment styles refer specifically to an individual's characteristic way of relating to others in close relationships. Romantic schemas refer to cognitive frameworks for understanding romantic relationships. Relational self-esteem refers to an individual's overall sense of self-worth within close relationships.

Question 12

___________________ describes an avoidant attachment style characterized by a negative view of both self and others, high anxiety and avoidance, and distant relationships, in which the person doesn't feel worthy, doesn't trust others, and fears rejection.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the characteristics of a fearfully avoidant attachment style, which is often associated with individuals who have negative self-concepts, mistrust others, and have a high level of anxiety and avoidance in relationships due to fearing rejection.

Question 13

The Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale was designed to assess the extent to which people:

Accepted Answer

The Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale measures the degree to which individuals incorporate their romantic partners or close relationship partners into their self-concept.

Question 14

An adult romantic relationship is most successful and satisfying if:

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that both partners having a secure attachment style is associated with the highest levels of relationship satisfaction and overall success. Couples with different attachment styles may experience challenges and conflicts due to differences in communication, emotional expression, and needs. While some couples with mixed attachment styles can still have successful relationships, it tends to require more effort and understanding on both partners' parts.

Question 15

__________________ describes an avoidant attachment style characterized by a negative view of both self and others, high anxiety and avoidance, and distant relationships.

Accepted Answer

Fearfully avoidant attachment style is characterized by a negative view of both self and others, high anxiety and avoidance, and distant relationships.

Question 16

As a child, Ellie was generally disinterested in her mother. She was never that bothered when she left and did not seek her out when she returned. Which type of attachment style did Ellie have?

Accepted Answer

Ellie's disinterest in her mother's presence and lack of seeking her out suggests an avoidant attachment style.

Question 17

Research by Campos and colleagues (1983) found that among American samples, ____% of infants had avoidant attachment styles.

Accepted Answer

Campos and colleagues (1983) found that 15% of infants in American samples had avoidant attachment styles.

Question 18

Research suggests that generally there is:

Accepted Answer

Research has found considerable stability of attachment style from infancy to adulthood, particularly for those with a secure attachment style. However, it is important to note that attachment style is not the only factor that predicts relationship success in adulthood.

Question 19

The components of Sternberg's triangular model of love relationships are:

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's triangular model of love relationships includes three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. While trust and attachment may also be important aspects of a relationship, they are not included in Sternberg's model. Choosing option C would be the best choice as it accurately identifies the three components included in the model.

Question 20

Over the years, researchers have specified _________ dimensions of attachment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Over the years, researchers have specified _________...

Quiz 15: Close Relationships