Question 1

When traditional and cognitive-behavioral procedures are compared,
A) traditional procedures are clearly superior.
B) traditional procedures are more related to treatment.
C) both are based on the same underlying philosophy.
D) cognitive-behavioral procedures are more related to treatment.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral procedures are more closely related to treatment because they are based on the idea that changing maladaptive thinking leads to change in behavior and emotion, which is a direct approach to addressing and treating psychological issues. Traditional procedures might not always have this direct treatment focus.

Question 2

Which type of therapy is based on principles of learning?
A) cognitive
B) client-centered
C) behavior modification
D) personality

Accepted Answer

Behavior modification therapy is based on principles of learning, specifically operant conditioning, which involves using reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior. Cognitive therapy focuses on changing negative and irrational thoughts and beliefs, while client-centered therapy emphasizes the client's innate potential for growth and change. Personality therapy aims to understand and address how a person's unique personality traits and patterns affect their behavior and emotions.

Question 3

Dr.Moore was convinced he would not be able to help his client control his compulsive overeating,unless he discovered the reason behind the behavior.Therefore,the tests he used were intended to examine these underlying causes.Dr.Moore was following the
A) biopsychosocial model.
B) psychoanalytic approach.
C) cognitive approach.
D) medical model.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Cognitive-behavioral and traditional procedures differ in that
A) cognitive-behavioral procedures are more direct and remain closer to observable behaviors.
B) traditional procedures have fewer inferential assumptions.
C) traditional procedures measure the overt manifestations of psychological disorders.
D) cognitive-behavioral procedures tend to be based on the medical model.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral procedures are more focused on thoughts and beliefs, while traditional procedures may focus more on observable symptoms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy also tends to be more direct and active, whereas traditional therapy may take a more passive approach.

Question 5

Organized cognitive frameworks that help organize experiences,interpret new experiences,and make predictions about what is likely to happen in the future are called
A) schemas.
B) self-concepts.
C) biases.
D) prototypes.

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental frameworks that help individuals organize and interpret information about the world around them. They are formed through experience and play a role in shaping expectations and beliefs about people, objects, and situations. Schemas can be helpful as they allow individuals to process information efficiently and make predictions about future events, but they can also be limiting if they are inaccurate or based on stereotypes.

Question 6

A behavioral assessment that involves evaluating the current frequency of a behavior,designing a treatment intervention using reinforcement,and then evaluating the effect of the treatment relative to a baseline,is based on
A) classical conditioning.
B) psychosocial effects.
C) operant conditioning.
D) backward conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral assessment that involves evaluating the current frequency of a behavior, designing a treatment intervention using reinforcement, and then evaluating the effect of the treatment relative to a baseline is based on operant conditioning. This approach focuses on the consequences of behavior (such as reinforcement or punishment) in shaping future behavior. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus to create a response, while psychosocial effects refer to the social and psychological factors that influence behavior. Backward conditioning involves presenting the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus, which is not commonly used in behavior modification interventions.

Question 7

Pat is constantly cleaning and re-cleaning the house and cannot seem to stop doing so.Pat's behavior is beginning to interfere in other areas of life and cause others,as well as Pat,great concern and distress.Pat's behavior would be described as a(n)
A) phobia.
B) behavioral deficit.
C) behavioral excess.
D) dysthymic disorder.

Accepted Answer

Pat's behavior is excessive and interfering with daily life, which fits the definition of a behavioral excess. A phobia would involve a specific fear or aversion to something, and a behavioral deficit would involve a lack of necessary behaviors. Dysthymic disorder is a mood disorder and not applicable to this situation.

Question 8

Which procedure is designed to minimize the effect that the presence of an observer has on the behavior that is being observed?
A) operant
B) self-report
C) extinction
D) psychophysical

Accepted Answer

Self-report methods involve participants reporting on their own behaviors, thoughts, or feelings. This approach can minimize the observer effect because individuals are reflecting on their own experiences rather than being directly observed by someone else, which can alter their behavior.

Question 9

Cognitive-behavioral assessments focus on ____ as the main problem in a disorder.
A) the behavior
B) repressed memory
C) previous trauma
D) personality

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral assessments focus on identifying problematic behaviors and the cognitions (thoughts and beliefs) that contribute to them. They do not typically focus on repressed memories or past traumas, although they may consider how these factors impact current thoughts and behaviors. Personality may be considered, but it is not typically the main focus of a cognitive-behavioral assessment.

Question 10

All of the cognitive-behavioral assessment procedures
A) are more direct than traditional psychological tests.
B) can be collectively categorized as observational assessment.
C) are based on learning principles.
D) employ sophisticated hardware such as electronic beepers.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral assessment procedures are more direct than traditional psychological tests, as they focus on observable behaviors and thoughts in real-life situations rather than relying on self-report measures or hypothetical scenarios.

Question 11

Ken is having trouble at work because his boss takes advantage of him and gives him twice as much work as anyone else.Ken has trouble saying 'no' to his boss but then gets very angry because of all the work he has to do.Ken's therapist is likely to use the ____ in order to assess Ken's behavior in this particular situation.
A) Assertive Behavior Survey Schedule
B) Miller Analogies Test
C) Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
D) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Accepted Answer

The Assertive Behavior Survey Schedule measures a person's level of assertiveness in various situations, including their ability to say "no" and their willingness to stand up for themselves. This assessment would provide valuable information for Ken's therapist in addressing his difficulty with saying "no" to his boss and his resulting feelings of anger and frustration. The other options are not relevant to the specific issue Ken is facing at work.

Question 12

Cognitive-behavioral self-reports are best used in conjunction with other sources of information because
A) they only address a small number of behaviors.
B) they are very difficult to administer.
C) little psychometric data is available for any of them.
D) very few such tests even exist.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cognitive-behavioral self-reports are best used in conjunction...

Question 13

Which of the following models assumes that overt manifestations of psychopathology are only symptoms of an underlying problem?
A) Kanfer and Saslow's model
B) the operant conditioning model
C) the medical model
D) the social ecology model

Accepted Answer

The medical model assumes that overt manifestations of psychopathology are symptoms of an underlying problem, and therefore focuses on diagnosing and treating the underlying pathology.

Question 14

Joey's parents went to a therapist to help them overcome Joey's fear of going to school.Before she helped them create a reward system for each time their son went to school without crying,the therapist first determined the severity and frequency of the behavior.The therapist was
A) establishing a baseline.
B) developing a diagnosis.
C) establishing rapport.
D) assessing the cause of behavior.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is establishing a baseline by determining the severity and frequency of Joey's behavior before implementing any interventions. This allows the therapist to measure progress and the effectiveness of the reward system.

Question 15

The evaluation of the frequency,intensity,and duration of a behavior is known as
A) behavioral assessment.
B) establishing a baseline.
C) a critical response.
D) operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The evaluation of the frequency, intensity, and duration of a behavior is done to establish a baseline, which is essential for behavioral assessment and treatment planning. A baseline provides a starting point to measure change or progress in a behavior, so it is crucial to have accurate and reliable data on the behavior's frequency, intensity, and duration. Critical response refers to a particularly important or notable reaction or behavior, while operant conditioning is a type of learning that involves modifying behavior through reinforcement or punishment.

Question 16

The major distinction between cognitive-behavioral and traditional self-report procedures is that
A) cognitive-behavioral assessment deals mostly with issues of intelligence.
B) traditional self report procedures ask questions about autobiographical memory.
C) the former is used with children and the later is used with adults.
D) cognitive-behavioral assessment has concentrated on the phenomenon of fear.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major distinction between cognitive-behavioral and traditional...

Question 17

Cognitive-behavioral self-report techniques
A) are superior to traditional self-report techniques.
B) attempt to deal with the problems in obtaining observational data.
C) are generally well supported in terms of reliability and validity.
D) are best categorized as a technique of psychophysiological assessment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cognitive-behavioral self-report techniques
A) are superior to traditional...

Question 18

Which of the following problems are inappropriate for operant techniques?
A) eating problems
B) studying problems
C) losing weight
D) general dissatisfaction with life

Accepted Answer

Operant techniques are best suited for behavior modification, and are less effective for addressing issues that are more complex or psychological in nature, such as general dissatisfaction with life. Eating problems and losing weight may be appropriate for operant techniques, while studying problems may require a combination of operant techniques and other approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 19

The first step in a cognitive-behavioral assessment is to
A) develop reinforcers.
B) identify critical behaviors.
C) determine a baseline.
D) determine the cause of the problem behavior.

Accepted Answer

Identifying critical behaviors is the first step in cognitive-behavioral assessment, as it helps in understanding the specific behaviors that need to be addressed.

Question 20

Tests based on behavior modification and used as an alternative to traditional tests are known as
A) projective assessments.
B) cognitive-behavioral assessments.
C) personality tests.
D) psychoanalytic assessments.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches that of cognitive-behavioral assessments, which are based on changing behavior through learning new skills and behaviors. They are often used as an alternative to traditional tests that rely on self-reporting or subjective responses. Projective assessments focus on uncovering unconscious thoughts and feelings, personality tests measure personality traits and characteristics, and psychoanalytic assessments involve in-depth exploration of unconscious conflicts and motivations. None of these fit the description given.

Quiz 15: Computers and Basic Psychological Science in Testing

When traditional and cognitive-behavioral procedures are compared,

Which type of therapy is based on principles of learning?

Dr.Moore was convinced he would not be able to help his client control his compulsive overeating,unless he discovered the reason behind the behavior.Therefore,the tests he used were intended to examine these underlying causes.Dr.Moore was following the

Cognitive-behavioral and traditional procedures differ in that

Organized cognitive frameworks that help organize experiences,interpret new experiences,and make predictions about what is likely to happen in the future are called

A behavioral assessment that involves evaluating the current frequency of a behavior,designing a treatment intervention using reinforcement,and then evaluating the effect of the treatment relative to a baseline,is based on

Pat is constantly cleaning and re-cleaning the house and cannot seem to stop doing so.Pat's behavior is beginning to interfere in other areas of life and cause others,as well as Pat,great concern and distress.Pat's behavior would be described as a(n)

Which procedure is designed to minimize the effect that the presence of an observer has on the behavior that is being observed?

Cognitive-behavioral assessments focus on ____ as the main problem in a disorder.

All of the cognitive-behavioral assessment procedures

Cognitive-behavioral self-reports are best used in conjunction with other sources of information because

Which of the following models assumes that overt manifestations of psychopathology are only symptoms of an underlying problem?

Joey's parents went to a therapist to help them overcome Joey's fear of going to school.Before she helped them create a reward system for each time their son went to school without crying,the therapist first determined the severity and frequency of the behavior.The therapist was

The evaluation of the frequency,intensity,and duration of a behavior is known as

The major distinction between cognitive-behavioral and traditional self-report procedures is that

Cognitive-behavioral self-report techniques

Which of the following problems are inappropriate for operant techniques?

The first step in a cognitive-behavioral assessment is to

Tests based on behavior modification and used as an alternative to traditional tests are known as