Question 1

Current research on cognitive development indicates that

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that Piaget's theory underestimated the cognitive abilities of young children and that symbolic thinking develops earlier than he believed. It is not supported that Piaget's theory only applies to middle-class male children, nor that he overlooked the importance of schemas in cognitive development.

Question 2

Remembering things one can no longer perceive is most clearly an indication of

Accepted Answer

Remembering things that one can no longer perceive is a sign of object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen or heard. This developmental milestone typically occurs in infants by around 8 months of age. Choices A, B, and C are not relevant to this concept.

Question 3

Using a large pillow to symbolize a pony,Sydnee bounced up and down on the pillow as if she were riding the pony.Sydnee is most clearly demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Sydnee's use of the large pillow to symbolize a pony, and her bouncing up and down on it as if she were riding the pony, is an example of pretend play. Pretend play involves using imagination and symbolism to engage in activities as if they were real.

Question 4

Compared with time spent looking at the scene of a ball falling,infants spend ________ time looking at a ball stopping in midair.Compared with time spent looking at the scene of a moving car,infants spend ________ time looking at a moving car seeming to pass through a solid object.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with time spent looking at the...

Question 5

The ability of preschool children to understand their classmates' feelings of sadness illustrates that they have developed

Accepted Answer

The understanding of others' feelings and perspectives is a key aspect of developing a theory of mind. Therefore, the ability of preschool children to understand their classmates' feelings of sadness suggests that they have developed a theory of mind. Egocentrism, formal operational thinking, and conservation are not related to understanding others' emotions.

Question 6

Even young infants will at least temporarily look for a toy where they saw it hidden a moment before.This suggests that Piaget

Accepted Answer

This suggests that Piaget underestimated the cognitive capacities of infants, as they are able to understand object permanence (the concept that an object still exists even if it is hidden from view) at a much younger age than he previously believed.

Question 7

Sotsona,who is nearly 3 years old,keeps grabbing the toys that other children are playing with.Her failure to recognize that they are very upset when she does this best illustrates that she has not developed

Accepted Answer

A theory of mind refers to the ability to understand and differentiate between one's own mental state and the mental states of others. This includes the ability to understand that others have thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that may be different from our own. Sotsona's failure to recognize that other children are upset when she takes their toys suggests a lack of a theory of mind, as she is unable to understand the other children's mental states. Stranger anxiety (A) refers to the fear of strangers that often appears in infants around 6-8 months old. A secure attachment (B) refers to the emotional bond that develops between an infant and their primary caregiver(s). A sense of object permanence (D) refers to the understanding that an object continues to exist even when it is out of sight. While these are important developmental milestones, they are not as directly relevant to Sotsona's behavior in this scenario.

Question 8

Five-year-old Taryn mistakenly believes that her short,wide glass contains less soda than her brother's tall,narrow glass.Actually,both glasses contain the same amount of soda.This illustrates that Taryn lacks the concept of

Accepted Answer

Taryn's mistaken belief that the shorter, wider glass has less soda than the taller, narrower glass highlights her lack of understanding of the concept of conservation. Conservation refers to the understanding that even though the physical appearance of an object changes, its quantity remains the same. In this case, Taryn's perception is based solely on the visual appearance of the glasses, rather than their actual volume. Egocentrism involves the inability to see things from another person's perspective, assimilation refers to the process of incorporating new information into existing schemas, and object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. None of these concepts fully explain Taryn's mistaken belief.

Question 9

The principle that properties such as mass,volume,and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects is called

Accepted Answer

Conservation refers to the understanding that certain properties of objects (such as mass, volume, and number) remain the same even when the objects change in form or appearance. This is an important cognitive accomplishment that children develop during the preoperational stage of development, typically between the ages of 2 and 7 years. The other options (secure attachment, object permanence, and accommodation) refer to different concepts in child development, but are not directly related to the principle of conservation.

Question 10

According to Piaget,children in the preoperational stage are able to

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, children in the preoperational stage (ages 2-7) are able to represent objects with words and images. They are not yet able to reason abstractly or test hypotheses, understand the principle of conservation, or think logically about tangible things, as those abilities develop in later stages.

Question 11

Although Mr.Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel,his 3-year-old daughter kept interrupting him with comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching.Before Mr.Tong becomes irritated with his daughter for being inconsiderate,he should be alerted to Piaget's concept of

Accepted Answer

Piaget's concept of egocentrism refers to the tendency for young children to see the world solely from their own perspective and have difficulty understanding the perspectives of others. In this case, the 3-year-old daughter may not fully understand that her father is busy and may not be considering his perspective when interrupting him.

Question 12

If a child realizes that others may have false beliefs,we can probably say that the child is not completely

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand that others may have false beliefs is an important aspect of social cognition and requires a level of perspective-taking beyond egocentrism. Therefore, if a child realizes that others may have false beliefs, it suggests that they have developed some level of cognitive flexibility and are not completely egocentric. Accommodation, insecure attachment, and authoritarianism are not directly related to this aspect of social cognition.

Question 13

Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket.This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of

Accepted Answer

Object permanence refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible. Lisa attempting to retrieve the bottle suggests that she knows the bottle is still there, just temporarily hidden under the blanket.

Question 14

Children's emerging ability to tease and persuade is a sign that they are developing a theory of mind and that they are not completely

Accepted Answer

The ability to tease and persuade shows that children are starting to understand others' thoughts and feelings, indicating that they are not completely egocentric.

Question 15

The preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view is called

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism refers to the preoperational child's inability to take another person's point of view. They are unable to understand that other people may have different thoughts, feelings, and perspectives than their own. This is evident in their belief that everyone sees the world in the same way they do.

Question 16

According to Piaget,we come to know the world primarily by looking,touching,mouthing,and grasping during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to around 2 years of age and is characterized by learning about the world through sensory experiences and physical actions such as looking, touching, mouthing, and grasping. The other stages (preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational) occur later in development and involve more complex thinking processes.

Question 17

According to Piaget,an egocentric child can best be described as

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, an egocentric child is cognitively limited in that they have difficulty understanding the perspective of others and tend to view things only from their own point of view. Egocentric thinking is a normal part of early childhood development, but as children mature, they learn to take into account the viewpoints of others.

Question 18

Mistakenly assuming that the instructions for assembling a model ship would be clear to your brother because they are clear to you best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism refers to the tendency to view the world from one's own perspective and assume that others view it in the same way. Assuming that your brother would understand the instructions based on your own understanding reflects this type of thinking.

Question 19

Children's ability to infer other people's intentions and feelings indicates their emerging

Accepted Answer

The ability to infer other people's intentions and feelings is a key aspect of developing a theory of mind, which involves understanding that other people have mental states and perspectives that are different from one's own. Conservation involves understanding that the quantity of an object remains the same even if its appearance changes, egocentrism refers to the tendency to view the world from one's own perspective, and object permanence involves understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.

Question 20

The awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived is known as

Accepted Answer

Object permanence refers to the understanding that objects still exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. It is a key developmental milestone that typically develops around 8-9 months of age. With object permanence, infants are able to search for and find hidden objects, and this understanding plays an important role in many cognitive and social abilities that develop later in life.

Quiz 3: Developing Through the Life Span