Question 1

Some people can roll their tongues into tubes and some can't.If a child inherits a rolling allele from one parent and a nonrolling allele from the other,she will be able to roll her tongue.The tongue-rolling allele must therefore be

Accepted Answer

If a child inherits one rolling allele, they will be able to roll their tongue, indicating that the rolling allele is dominant.

Question 2

Despite strides made by the feminist movement,women are more likely than men to leave a full-time career to take care of children.Because most modern stressors and challenges can be handled equally well by males and females,proponents of __________________ would argue that this is due not to genetics but to societal norms.

Accepted Answer

The fact that women are more likely than men to leave a full-time career to take care of children is believed to be due to societal norms rather than genes. This is in line with the concept of social influence, as individuals are influenced by the norms and values of their society. Therefore, the best choice in this context is social influence (Option B). The other options (sexual strategies, evolutionary personality, and strategic pluralism) are not relevant to the issue at hand.

Question 3

Research suggests that the environment accounts for only about 50 percent of the variation of the divorce rate.If the remaining 50 percent is affected by genes,we can say that.50 is the ___________ for the likelihood of divorce.

Accepted Answer

If 50% of the variation in divorce rates is due to genetic factors, we can say that the heritability statistic (which measures the extent to which differences in a trait are due to genetic factors) for the likelihood of divorce is 50%. Therefore, the correct answer is C) heritability statistic.

Question 4

The molecular structure that is responsible for influencing physical and psychological traits in one's offspring is called a

Accepted Answer

Genes are the molecular structures that carry the information responsible for influencing physical and psychological traits in offspring.

Question 5

Evolutionary theory suggests that males are genetically more likely to be promiscuous than females.Some people use this as a flawed argument that men can't be expected to stay faithful.Those people are relying on the idea of

Accepted Answer

The flawed argument about men being unable to stay faithful due to their supposed genetic tendency towards promiscuity is based on genetic determinism, the belief that genes completely control traits and behaviors in individuals. This ignores the influence of environmental factors and personal choice.

Question 6

Gillian and Illeana are in the same grade at the same school,but they participate in different extracurricular activities.Their classes are therefore part of ______________,while their extracurricular activities are part of _____________.

Accepted Answer

Option D is the most appropriate answer because it accurately describes the situation depicted in the question. Gillian and Illeana are in the same grade at the same school, so they share the same academic environment, which is the shared environment. However, they participate in different extracurricular activities, which means that they have an unshared, or unique, environment in terms of their after-school experiences.

Question 7

Psychological disorders appear only if they're triggered by stressors in the environment,so inheriting the genetics for a particular disorder doesn't doom someone to have that disorder.Panic disorder runs in Allie's family,but because the environment never triggered it,she has no problems with it.We can say that panic disorder is part of Allie's

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual. Since panic disorder runs in Allie's family but is not expressed due to lack of environmental triggers, it is part of her genotype.

Question 8

Some people can roll their tongues into tubes and some can't.Tongue-rolling ability and inability to tongue roll are two versions of the same gene.Each version is called

Accepted Answer

The two versions of the gene for tongue-rolling ability are called alleles. Genotypes refer to an individual's specific combination of alleles, while phenotypes refer to observable traits resulting from the expression of those alleles. Reaction range refers to the range of possible phenotypic outcomes based on an individual's genotype and environmental factors.

Question 9

Researchers are interested in how heritable intelligence is.Aamina agrees to participate in a study in which her IQ is compared to both her adoptive and her biological parents' IQs.She is participating in a(n)___________ study.

Accepted Answer

Aamina is participating in an adoption study, because her IQ is being compared with both her adoptive and biological parents' IQs, which is a common method used in adoption studies to examine the influence of nature vs nurture on intelligence. Option A is incorrect because twin studies examine the heritability of traits in identical twins. Option B is incorrect because correlational studies measure the relationship between variables, which may not be relevant in this case. Option C is incorrect because heritability studies estimate the proportion of variation in a trait that is due to genetic factors.

Question 10

Though schizophrenia has a strong genetic basis,there is no schizophrenia gene.The disorder must therefore be passed from parent to child via

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that involves multiple genes and is not caused by a single gene. Therefore, it is likely to be passed on through polygenic transmission, where multiple genetic factors work together to increase the risk of developing the disorder. Behaviour genetics, natural selection, and evolutionary personality theory are not directly related to the transmission of schizophrenia.

Question 11

You have applied for your dream job in Vancouver.The company has decided to hire you,but first you must come in to complete some paperwork,and to meet with the company doctor to complete a physical exam.You are young and healthy and eager to begin your new job.However,once the tests are complete,they call to say they cannot hire you because your blood work indicates you are predisposed to develop a disabling disorder.You speak to a lawyer who tells you that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have applied for your dream job...

Question 12

Peahens (female peacocks)are more attracted to peacocks with big,beautiful tails.The strength of this attraction suggests that something related to peacock plumage had

Accepted Answer

The strong attraction of peahens to the size and beauty of peacock tails suggests that this trait has adaptive significance, meaning that it is beneficial for survival and reproduction in this species. Peacocks with bigger and brighter tails may be seen as healthier and more fit, indicating that they have better genes and are better mates. This preference has likely evolved over time, leading to the development of the elaborate tails seen in male peacocks today.

Question 13

Paolo tried to remove a broken light bulb from a socket with his bare hands,without turning off the circuit breaker.He had a shock and has been very careful with broken bulbs ever since.The tendency not to do something painful twice therefore has

Accepted Answer

The tendency not to do something painful twice has adaptive significance as it helps individuals to avoid potentially harmful situations in the future. In this case, Paolo learned from his painful experience and became more careful with broken bulbs in order to avoid getting shocked again.

Question 14

Evolutionary theory suggests that several personality traits are found in all humans,because they had adaptive functions.These traits are collectively referred to as the

Accepted Answer

The Five Factor Model, also known as the Big Five personality traits, suggest that five personality traits are found in all humans because they had adaptive functions. These traits include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 15

The Nazis' attempts to wipe out the Jewish people were rooted in the idea that Jews are somehow less fit human beings and that destroying them would remove them from the gene pool.The idea in question is called

Accepted Answer

Eugenics is the idea that certain people or groups of people are more fit for reproduction than others, often based on factors like race, heredity, or intelligence. The Nazis' attempts to eliminate the Jewish people were based on the idea that they were genetically inferior and therefore not fit to reproduce. This belief was a central tenet of Nazi ideology and was used to justify a wide range of atrocities, including mass murder in concentration camps.

Quiz 4: Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour