Question 1

In 1950,psychologist Harold Kelly invited a guest lecturer to his class.Half of his students were led to believe that the guest lecturer was an inviting person,while the other half were told that he was unapproachable.When rating the guest lecturer afterwards,students tended to rate him in a way that was consistent with the expectations they had been given ahead of time.This example was presented to demonstrate how _____________ can affect _______________.

Accepted Answer

This example demonstrates how perceptual sets, or expectations and preconceptions, can affect social perceptions, or how individuals perceive and evaluate others in social situations. It is not related to sensory adaptation or bottom-up processing, and while perceptual schemas may play a role in shaping expectations, the focus of the example is on perceptual sets.

Question 2

All of the following are examples of monocular cues for depth perception EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Convergence is actually a binocular cue that involves the inward movement of the eyes as an object gets closer to us. The other choices listed (light and shadow, interposition, linear perspective) are all examples of monocular cues that allow us to perceive depth with just one eye.

Question 3

If you know that two objects have the exact same physical dimensions and you notice that one of them is smaller,you perceive the smaller one as being farther away and you are using the monocular depth cue of _________ to make this decision.

Accepted Answer

The monocular depth cue of relative size refers to the perception that objects of the same physical size appear to be different sizes depending on their distance from us. If two objects have the same physical dimensions but one appears smaller, we perceive it as being farther away.

Question 4

The fact that each eye receives a slightly different visual stimulus is significant in the creation of the binocular depth cue called:

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity refers to the slight differences in the visual stimulus received by each eye, which allows the brain to create a sense of depth and 3D perception. This occurs because each eye has a slightly different perspective on objects in the environment, and the brain integrates these two perspectives to create a single image that has depth and dimensionality.

Question 5

The depth perception cues that require the use of both eyes are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

Binocular cues require the use of both eyes to perceive depth, while monocular cues can be perceived with just one eye. Stationary cues and motion cues are not relevant to depth perception.

Question 6

Becky is very sad when it is time to say goodbye to her grandmother after visiting her.Her mother and father load the luggage into the car while Becky gives grandma one last hug and bids good-bye.As the family car drives away,Becky keeps waving to her grandmother until her grandmother has gotten so small that she can no longer see her.Suddenly,Becky bursts into tears,crying that her grandmother just got smaller and smaller until she disappeared and Becky is afraid she is dead! What Becky does not understand is that perception utilizes principles of:

Accepted Answer

Size constancy is the principle that objects maintain their perceived size despite changes in their retinal image size. In this case, Becky's grandmother appeared to get smaller and disappear as she drove away, but Becky perceived her grandmother's size as constant. Her misunderstanding of this principle led to her fear that her grandmother had disappeared or died.

Question 7

As Jocelyn drives down the highway,in front of her she sees that the two sides of the highway appear to angle toward each other,giving a perception of depth.Which depth cue is being used?

Accepted Answer

Linear perspective is when two parallel lines appear to converge in the distance, indicating depth. This is what Jocelyn is perceiving as she drives down the highway.

Question 8

Julie and Jason were on a blind date.Jason was very excited and expected the evening to go well.Julie agreed to go on the date only to help out her friend who was responsible for entertaining her cousin while he was in town.Julie expected that she would have a terrible time.Sure enough,the next day,Julie was telling her friend how boring the evening was;her friend was shocked to hear this as her cousin,Jason,had just spent the morning telling her how wonderful Julie was and how much they had in common.How could the friend rationalize that Julie and Jason had been on the same date last night?

Accepted Answer

Julie and Jason went into the date with different expectations, which influenced how they perceived the evening. Julie expected a terrible time and therefore viewed it as boring, while Jason was excited and likely saw the positive aspects. This demonstrates how our expectations can influence our perception of events.

Question 9

Lisa realizes that her mother is further away from her than the car,as the car cuts off the view of her mother.Which depth cue is Lisa using?

Accepted Answer

Lisa is using the interposition depth cue to perceive that her mother is further away from her than the car because the car is positioned in front of her mother, blocking her view.

Question 10

While engaged in a battle during the war in the Persian Gulf,crewmen operating the radar systems on the Vincennes mistakenly interpreted a commercial airliner as a threatening military aircraft and shot it down,tragically killing all the passengers aboard.This incident was discussed as an example of:

Accepted Answer

The incident involving the Vincennes is an example of a perceptual set, which refers to a predisposition to perceive something in a certain way based on expectations, context, and past experiences. The crewmen were likely operating under high stress and pressure, which may have influenced their perceptual set when interpreting the radar signals.

Question 11

The fact that the face of a friend looks the same whether you are viewing it up front or from the side is best accounted for by:

Accepted Answer

Shape constancy allows us to recognize familiar objects or faces regardless of the angle or position from which they are viewed. This allows us to perceive the face of a friend as the same, whether we are viewing it from the front or the side, even though the visual image on our retina changes significantly.

Question 12

The depth perception cues that require the use of only one eye are called:

Accepted Answer

Monocular cues provide depth perception information that only requires the use of one eye, such as relative size, interposition, linear perspective, texture gradient, and aerial perspective. Stereo cues, on the other hand, require the use of both eyes to create a three-dimensional perception. Singular vision cues and binocular cues are not recognized terms in psychology.

Question 13

In attempting to decide which of two objects is farther away,you notice that one object has a finer grain than the other.You decide that the one with the finer grain is further away.What monocular depth cue are you making use of?

Accepted Answer

The monocular depth cue being used here is texture. Objects that are further away tend to have a finer texture, while objects that are closer have a coarser texture. So, in this case, the object with the finer texture is perceived to be farther away.

Question 14

When perceiving the distance of an object,Matt tends to rely on the relative size of the object,as well as the texture and clarity of the object.These cues are referred to as his ___________ cues.

Accepted Answer

Monocular cues are visual cues that can be perceived with only one eye. They include factors such as relative size, texture gradient, and clarity of the object, which are the same cues that Matt relies on. Binocular cues, on the other hand, require the use of both eyes to perceive depth and distance. Focal and visual cues are not commonly used terms in this context.

Question 15

Recognizing familiar stimuli under varying conditions and in different contexts is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual constancies refer to the ability to recognize familiar stimuli under varying conditions and in different contexts. Gestalt laws of perceptual organization refer to the principles that govern how we perceive and organize sensory information. Sensory adaptations refer to the changes in sensitivity that occur in response to a stimulus over time. Perceptual continuities refer to the perception of smooth and continuous motion and stimuli, even if they are interrupted or incomplete.

Question 16

Fear and expectation were discussed as playing a significant causal role in the creation of:

Accepted Answer

Fear and expectation can influence a person's perceptual set, which refers to the mental predisposition to perceive certain things and not others. For example, if a person expects to see a particular object, they may be more likely to perceive it even if it is not actually present. Similarly, if a person is afraid of a certain stimulus, they may be more likely to perceive it even when it is not present. Therefore, fear and expectation can play a significant causal role in the creation of perceptual sets.

Question 17

The tendency of our visual system to perceive an object as having the same dimensions and measurements,even though the image of the object on our retina may change with distance is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

Size constancy refers to the tendency of our visual system to perceive an object as having the same dimensions and measurements, even though the image of the object on our retina may change with distance. This means that we are able to perceive an object as being the same size even if it appears smaller or larger due to changes in distance or perspective.

Question 18

Which of the following demonstrates the phenomenon of brightness constancy?

Accepted Answer

Brightness constancy refers to the ability of our visual system to perceive the brightness of an object as constant despite changes in the illumination of the object or in the background lighting conditions. Option C demonstrates brightness constancy as the house appears to have the same colour even though parts of it are in the shade.

Question 19

Kevin is practicing his new saxophone when his Dad walks in the room and praises Kevin for the good job playing the song,"Three Blind Mice." Even though Kevin's version of the tune was unlike any other version he had ever heard,his Dad was able to recognize the familiar tune because of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kevin is practicing his new saxophone when...

Question 20

As your eyes focus on an object that is close to you,muscles turn your eyes inward,producing feedback.This feedback produces the binocular depth cue called:

Accepted Answer

Convergence is the binocular depth cue that occurs when the muscles turn the eyes inward to focus on a close object. This feedback provides information to the brain about the distance of the object from the observer, as well as the three-dimensional shape of the object. The other options (B) perceptual constancy, (C) binocular disparity, and (D) visual accommodation are not directly related to the muscles' inward turn and feedback that produces convergence.

Quiz 5: Sensation and Perception