Question 1

The _____ is the component of personality developed through contact with the external world that enables us to deal with life's practical demands.

Accepted Answer

The ego is the component of personality that helps us navigate the practical demands of the external world, such as making decisions and negotiating between our desires and the constraints of reality. The superego represents our internalized moral standards, while the id represents our unconscious, instinctual drives.

Question 2

According to psychodynamic theorists,defence mechanisms are _____ because they _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to psychodynamic theorists,defence mechanisms are _____...

Question 3

At noon,Eliza ate the second-to-last piece of chocolate cake.At 3:00 p.m. ,she ate the last piece of cake,even though she knew that her roommate was counting on having a piece of cake after dinner.Which part of Eliza's mind proposed that she eat the cake?

Accepted Answer

The id represents the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that seeks pleasure and avoids pain. In this scenario, Eliza's decision to eat both pieces of cake, despite knowing her roommate was counting on having some, suggests that her id was in control, as it prioritized her own immediate pleasure over her roommate's future disappointment.

Question 4

If you are studying for a test and friends drop by to invite you to go to a party,what might your id say to you?

Accepted Answer

The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification and pleasure, which aligns with the idea of going to a party to "blow off some steam" rather than focusing on long-term goals like studying for a test.

Question 5

In high school,Tyler really liked Jada and would have liked to date her.Instead,Tyler was mean to Jada and teased her.Which defence mechanism was Tyler using?

Accepted Answer

Tyler's behavior of being mean and teasing Jada, despite liking her, is an example of reaction formation, where a person behaves in a way that is opposite to their true feelings.

Question 6

Sigmund Freud held that the ego operates on the _____ principle,the regulating mechanism that enables the individual to delay the gratification of immediate needs and operate effectively in the world.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the ego operates on the reality principle which helps an individual delay gratification in order to negotiate the world effectively. The reality principle involves considering the external world and the individual's social norms and expectations while making decisions. The other options, pleasure, morality, and homeostasis, are not directly related to the ego's regulating mechanism.

Question 7

Freud believed that the id,ego,and superego were largely governed by:

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that anxiety played a significant role in the functioning of the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of impulses and desires, which can create anxiety when it conflicts with societal norms and expectations. The ego works to find a balance between the id and the external world, which can also lead to anxiety if it cannot successfully manage those conflicts. The superego is responsible for enforcing morality and societal values, which can create anxiety if it perceives a violation of those values. Therefore, anxiety is essential to the functioning of all three components of the psyche as they navigate the demands of the internal and external worlds.

Question 8

According to Freud,personality is largely determined by:

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that personality is largely determined by the interactions between the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking to satisfy immediate needs and desires. The ego operates on the reality principle, seeking to satisfy needs in ways that do not conflict with societal norms or the demands of the superego, which represents the internalized values and ideals of society. These three components interact with one another to shape an individual's personality.

Question 9

Metaphorically,sometimes the voice of the superego sounds a little like your:

Accepted Answer

The superego is often compared to the "parental" voice in our minds, as it represents the values and morals that we have internalized from our parents and society. This voice encourages us to behave in a socially acceptable way and to follow rules and norms, even if they may go against our own desires.

Question 10

Joey wants to pull Becky's pigtails to get her attention,but a little angel on his shoulder tells him that pulling people's hair is wrong.The angel is similar to Freud's conceptualization of the:

Accepted Answer

The little angel on Joey's shoulder represents his superego, which is the moral and ethical component of personality according to Freudian theory. It strives to suppress the impulses of the id (which may include pulling Becky's hair) and instead adhere to societal norms and standards of right and wrong.

Question 11

What defence mechanism is sometimes referred to as "motivated forgetting"?

Accepted Answer

Repression is sometimes referred to as "motivated forgetting" because it involves the unconscious blocking of unpleasant or threatening memories, impulses, or thoughts in order to protect oneself from anxiety and distress.

Question 12

Jessica and Ashley are talking about Carla.Jessica says that she does not like Carla because she is loud and annoying.In fact,loud and annoying are adjectives that many people use to describe Jessica.Which defence mechanism is Jessica using?

Accepted Answer

Jessica is using the defence mechanism of projection, where she sees her own undesirable qualities in Carla and attributes them to Carla instead of facing them in herself.

Question 13

Unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses are called _____ mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses is "defence mechanisms." Self-protecting is a broad term that could refer to any type of protective behavior, motivated forgetting is a specific type of defence mechanism that involves unconsciously forgetting anxiety-provoking memories, and psychosexual refers to Freud's theory about the stages of sexual development.

Question 14

Which part(s)of the mind function(s)as a sort of consciousness that punishes us with guilt when we do something wrong?

Accepted Answer

The superego is the part of the mind that represents our internalized standards of right and wrong. When we violate these standards, the superego can cause feelings of guilt and shame as a way to punish us and reinforce our adherence to these values. The other parts of the mind (the id, ego, and defence mechanisms) do not play this role in regulating our moral behavior.

Question 15

Robert is at a party and spots an extremely attractive young woman.If Robert's personality is completely governed by his id,what will he be MOST likely to do?

Accepted Answer

The id is part of Freud's personality theory and is driven by the pleasure principle, which means it seeks immediate gratification of its desires without consideration of social norms or consequences. Therefore, if Robert's personality is completely governed by his id, he would be most likely to hit on the woman crudely and attempt to kiss her without considering whether it is appropriate or not.

Question 16

The _____ is the mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules mainly learned from parents as they exercise their authority.

Accepted Answer

The superego is the part of the mind that incorporates cultural and moral values that are learned mainly from parents or other authority figures. It is responsible for regulating and enforcing rules and standards of behavior.

Question 17

Jean was at the mall with her family.She tried on a pair of shoes she really wanted.Her parents told her that they could not afford the shoes and walked out of the store.For a moment,Jean thought of running out of the store with the shoes on,but her parents had taught her at a very young age that stealing was wrong.A split second after thinking about stealing the shoes,Jean began to feel incredibly guilty about even having such a thought.Which part of Jean's mind squelched her desire to steal the shoes?

Accepted Answer

The superego is the part of the mind that incorporates societal and parental values and prohibits certain behaviors, such as stealing. In Jean's situation, it was her superego that prevented her from stealing the shoes and made her feel guilty for even considering it.

Question 18

When Lisa received a paper with a D grade,she immediately told her friends (and herself)that it didn't matter because she had intended to drop the course all along.Which defence mechanisms is Lisa using?

Accepted Answer

Lisa is using rationalization to defend herself from the disappointment of receiving a D grade. She is justifying her poor performance by convincing herself that it doesn't matter because she intended to drop the course anyway.

Question 19

The id operates on the _____ principle.

Accepted Answer

The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of its desires and impulses without concern for moral or social consequences.

Question 20

Alfred and his family went to a restaurant for lunch.He was so hungry that on the way to be seated,he almost grabbed a sandwich off another customer's plate.Which part of his mind regulated this impulse?

Accepted Answer

The ego is responsible for regulating impulses and making decisions based on reality and social norms. In this scenario, Alfred's hunger was causing him to have an impulsive urge to grab food off of someone else's plate, but his ego was able to regulate this impulse and prevent him from acting on it. Therefore, the ego was responsible for regulating this impulse.

Quiz 12: Personality