Question 1

A patient is diagnosed with cancer. Which of the following cells would be produced in the greatest number?
A) Th1
B) Th2
C) APC
D) MHC

Accepted Answer

Th1 cells are typically involved in the immune response against cancer by activating macrophages and promoting cytotoxic T cell responses.

Question 2

After exposure to a specific antigen, B cells differentiate into:
A) B cytotoxic cells.
B) clonal equivalents.
C) plasma cells.
D) bursal cells.

Accepted Answer

After exposure to a specific antigen, B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which produce and secrete large amounts of antibodies against that antigen.

Question 3

A 20-year-old female has been diagnosed with AIDS. Laboratory testing would reveal diminished levels of:
A) cytotoxic T cells.
B) B cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) T suppressor cells.

Accepted Answer

AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which primarily targets and infects helper T cells (CD4+ cells). As the virus replicates and destroys these cells, the immune system becomes weakened and unable to mount effective immune responses against infections and cancers. This leads to a range of opportunistic infections and other complications that define AIDS. The levels of B cells and cytotoxic T cells may not necessarily be affected significantly in AIDS, while the levels of T suppressor cells may actually increase as a counter-regulatory mechanism to the loss of helper T cells.

Question 4

A cell that is produced in the thymus and interacts with MHC II molecules would have which of the following surface proteins?
A) CD4
B) CD8
C) Th1
D) Superantigen

Accepted Answer

A cell that interacts with MHC II molecules is a helper T cell, also called a CD4 cell. CD4 is a surface protein found on the helper T cells, which are produced in the thymus. CD8 is a surface protein found on cytotoxic T cells, which interact with MHC I molecules. Th1 refers to a subset of helper T cells that secrete specific cytokines, and superantigen is a type of antigen that can cause an excessive immune response.

Question 5

A 6-month-old infant is brought to the pediatrician for recurrent colds. The child is fed formula, and the other family members have not been ill. The physician tells the mother that the child's immune system is not yet competent but will be about 60% of an adult system around age:
A) 8 months.
B) 9 months.
C) 10.5 months.
D) 12 months.

Accepted Answer

A baby's immune system is not fully matured until around the age of one, so the best choice is D, 12 months. At this age, their immune system will be about 60% of an adult's system.

Question 6

Histocompatibility antigens help the immune system:
A) determine whether to mount a primary or secondary response.
B) identify haptens.
C) recognize different blood types.
D) distinguish self from nonself.

Accepted Answer

Histocompatibility antigens, also known as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, are proteins on the surface of cells that help the immune system distinguish between self and non-self cells. This is important for immune responses to infection, as well as for preventing the immune system from attacking the body's own cells. Histocompatibility antigens are not involved in determining the type of immune response or identifying haptens, and although they are related to blood types, they play a broader role in immune recognition.

Question 7

A young male patient becomes severely ill following lunch at the local hamburger stand. He experiences fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. Testing at the restaurant reveals that he ate food contaminated by Streptococcus pyogenes. Which of the following would be expected to accompany his illness?
A) Binding of MHC I molecule antigen presentation site
B) Binding to MHC II molecule antigen presentation site
C) Binding without antigen recognition
D) Decreased Th cell activation

Accepted Answer

The answer of A young male patient becomes severely ill...

Question 8

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is:
A) hypergammaglobulinemia.
B) increased maternal IgG.
C) immune insufficiency.
D) decreased maternal antibody breakdown, resulting in hyposensitivity.

Accepted Answer

Recurring respiratory infections in a 5-month-old child may be caused by immune insufficiency, which may result in the inability to fight off infections effectively. Other signs of immune insufficiency may also be present, such as failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea or recurrent skin infections. Hypergammaglobulinemia and increased maternal IgG levels may not necessarily lead to respiratory infections, while decreased maternal antibody breakdown would result in hypersensitivity, not hyposensitivity.

Question 9

A macrophage was isolated and analyzed for major histocompatibility complex. Which of the following would be expected?
A) MHC I only
B) MHC II only
C) MHC I and II
D) Neither MHC I or MHC II

Accepted Answer

Macrophages are a type of antigen-presenting cells that express both MHC I and MHC II molecules. MHC I presents intracellular antigens to CD8+ T cells, whereas MHC II presents extracellular antigens to CD4+ T cells. Therefore, the presence of both MHC I and II is necessary for macrophages to effectively present antigens to T cells.

Question 10

Pure monoclonal antibodies are produced by:
A) T lymphocytes.
B) bone marrow.
C) laboratories.
D) fetuses.

Accepted Answer

Pure monoclonal antibodies are produced by laboratories using hybridoma technology, which involves fusing a specific antibody-producing B cell with a cancerous B cell to create a permanent cell line that produces identical monoclonal antibodies.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a secondary lymph organ?
A) Spleen
B) Peyer patches
C) Adenoids
D) Liver

Accepted Answer

The liver is not a secondary lymph organ. It is an organ of the digestive system that plays a role in detoxification and metabolism. The secondary lymph organs include the spleen, Peyer patches, adenoids, lymph nodes, and tonsils.

Question 12

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens. Which cells should be isolated?
A) Lymphokine-producing cells
B) Cytotoxic T cells
C) Helper T cells
D) Macrophages

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for attacking cells that have specific antigens. Lymphokine-producing cells produce cytokines that help regulate immune responses. Helper T cells stimulate the activity of other immune cells. Macrophages engulf and digest pathogens and present antigens to other immune cells. While all of these cell types play a role in cell-mediated immune response, only cytotoxic T cells directly attack cells with specific antigens.

Question 13

Increased age is associated with:
A) decreased T cell function.
B) increased hypersensitivity responses.
C) decreased production of autoantibodies.
D) decreased numbers of circulating immune complexes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increased age is associated with:
A) decreased T...

Quiz 6: Adaptive Immunity

A patient is diagnosed with cancer. Which of the following cells would be produced in the greatest number?

After exposure to a specific antigen, B cells differentiate into:

A 20-year-old female has been diagnosed with AIDS. Laboratory testing would reveal diminished levels of:

A cell that is produced in the thymus and interacts with MHC II molecules would have which of the following surface proteins?

A 6-month-old infant is brought to the pediatrician for recurrent colds. The child is fed formula, and the other family members have not been ill. The physician tells the mother that the child's immune system is not yet competent but will be about 60% of an adult system around age:

Histocompatibility antigens help the immune system:

A young male patient becomes severely ill following lunch at the local hamburger stand. He experiences fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. Testing at the restaurant reveals that he ate food contaminated by Streptococcus pyogenes. Which of the following would be expected to accompany his illness?

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is:

A macrophage was isolated and analyzed for major histocompatibility complex. Which of the following would be expected?

Pure monoclonal antibodies are produced by:

Which of the following is not a secondary lymph organ?

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens. Which cells should be isolated?

Increased age is associated with: