Question 1

A patient who underwent lymphangiography the day before asks the LPN, "Why does my urine look blue?" What would be an appropriate response by the LPN?

Accepted Answer

The dye used in lymphangiography can cause bluish skin and urine for up to 2 days after the procedure.

Question 2

Which of the following values would be considered within normal limits? (Select all that apply.?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following values would be...

Question 3

Which of the following are functions of the spleen in a healthy adult? (Select all that apply.?

Accepted Answer

The spleen has multiple functions in a healthy adult, including the storage of platelets (A), phagocytosis of worn-out blood cells and platelets (C), contributing to the formation of bilirubin as a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown (D), and the production of lymphocytes and monocytes (E). While the spleen does not produce red blood cells in a healthy adult (B), as this primarily occurs in the bone marrow, nor does it produce neutrophils and eosinophils (F), which are also produced in the bone marrow.

Question 4

A patient reports severe abdominal cramping and diarrhea. Assessment reveals a temperature of 102°F (38.8°C) and pulse of 82 beats/min. Results of a complete blood count reveal lower than normal segmented and banded neutrophils and higher than normal lymphocytes. Which type of infection is this patient most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

The patient's symptoms and lab results suggest a viral infection. The presence of lower than normal neutrophils and higher than normal lymphocytes is characteristic of a viral infection. Additionally, fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are common with viral infections. Bacterial infections typically present with higher than normal neutrophils, while parasitic and fungal infections may have a range of different lab results depending on the specific pathogen.

Question 5

The nurse should stay with a patient for the first ________________minutes after a blood transfusion is started, and then check the patient periodically according to agency guidelines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse should stay with a patient...

Question 6

What is the rationale for the use of washed packed red blood cells for transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Washed packed red blood cells are used to reduce the risk of a febrile reaction by removing most of the plasma and its antibodies, which can cause such reactions in susceptible patients.

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a white blood cell (WBC) count of 8,000/mm³. What concern does the nurse have about this finding?

Accepted Answer

A white blood cell (WBC) count of 8,000/mm^3 is within the normal range for adults, which typically ranges from approximately 4,000 to 11,000 WBCs per microliter of blood. Therefore, there is no concern with this finding.

Question 8

What is the pH of the blood under normal circumstances?

Accepted Answer

The pH of normal blood is slightly alkaline, ranging from 7.35 to 7.45. Maintaining this narrow range is important for proper bodily function, as even a small change in pH can have significant effects on enzymes, hormones, and other proteins in the body.

Question 9

Which of the following are proteins in the plasma? (Select all that apply.?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are not proteins and Hemoglobin and Iron are not found in plasma, but rather in red blood cells. Albumin, Globulin, and Fibrinogen are all proteins commonly found in plasma.

Question 10

An older adult patient is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells after being injured in a car accident. On assessment, the nurse notes a new finding of bounding pulse, crackles, and increasing dyspnea. What should the nurse do first, after stopping the transfusion?

Accepted Answer

The first action the nurse should take is to raise the head of the bed to promote better oxygenation. This finding may indicate transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), which occurs when too much fluid is transfused too quickly, leading to fluid overload in the circulatory system. The nurse should also assess vital signs and report findings to the healthcare provider. Administering diphenhydramine or encouraging the patient to deep breathe and cough may not address the underlying issue and could potentially worsen the patient's condition.

Question 11

Which of the following play a role in preventing excessive clotting in the vascular system? (Select all that apply.?

Accepted Answer

The very smooth endothelial lining of the blood vessels creates a non-stick surface that helps prevent platelets from clumping together and forming clots. The production of heparin and the synthesis of antithrombin are both mechanisms that help prevent excessive clotting by inhibiting the clotting cascade. Fibrinogen and prothrombinase are both involved in the clotting cascade and their activity promotes clot formation, so they do not prevent excessive clotting.

Question 12

A patient with type O+ blood can receive which of the following transfusions? (Select all that apply.?

Accepted Answer

A patient with type O+ blood can only receive blood from donors with type O+ or type O-. Type A+ and B- have antigens that can cause a transfusion reaction, while AB- and A- have antigens and antibodies that can also cause a reaction.

Quiz 27: Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures