Question 1

In the ________ of the general adaptation syndrome, the body mobilizes the sympathetic nervous system to meet an immediate threat.

Accepted Answer

The alarm phase is the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, in which the body responds to a stressor with a fight or flight response activated by the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 2

A person is in the _______________ of the general adaptation syndrome when the body becomes more vulnerable to other stressors. For example, when the body is mobilized to fight off the flu, it is easier to be annoyed by minor frustrations.

Accepted Answer

The resistance phase is the stage of the general adaptation syndrome where the body is actively coping with and adapting to the stressor. However, during this phase, the body's resources are depleted, making it more vulnerable to other stressors. This is why minor frustrations can seem more annoying or overwhelming during this stage.

Question 3

Which of the following outcomes would be most likely after a Japanese-American business meeting?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following outcomes would be...

Question 4

What is the correct order for the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The correct order for the stages of the general adaptation syndrome is alarm phase, resistance phase, and exhaustion phase. During the alarm phase, the body perceives a stressor and activates the fight-or-flight response. In the resistance phase, the body adapts to the stressor and tries to restore homeostasis. Finally, during the exhaustion phase, if the stress continues for too long, the body's resources are depleted and it can no longer adapt, leading to negative health consequences.

Question 5

Expression of an emotion that the person does not really feel is called:

Accepted Answer

Emotion work is the act of expressing an emotion that one does not genuinely feel, often done in order to conform to social or cultural expectations.

Question 6

Which of the following outcomes would be most likely after a German-American business meeting?

Accepted Answer

In German culture, it is common to express oneself clearly and directly, even if it may be uncomfortable or conflictual. Americans, on the other hand, are often more indirect and try to avoid conflict. This can sometimes translate as being too friendly or polite for Germans who value honesty and directness. Therefore, it is most likely that the Germans will complain that the Americans hide their real feelings behind a smile.

Question 7

Current approaches to the physiology of stress have found that:

Accepted Answer

Current approaches to the physiology of stress have found that when you are under stress, the hypothalamus sends messages to the endocrine glands along two major pathways: the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The SAM system activates the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline, while the HPA axis releases cortisol.

Question 8

The modern era of stress research began:

Accepted Answer

The modern era of stress research began when Hans Selye published a book in 1950 detailing the ways in which heat, cold, pain, toxins, and danger disrupt the body's equilibrium. This work led to the development of the field of stress research and the understanding of the body's physiological responses to stress.

Question 9

A person is in the ________ of the general adaptation syndrome when the muscles tense, blood pressure rises, and digestion shuts down.

Accepted Answer

The alarm phase is the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, where the body initially responds to stress by activating the fight-or-flight response. This involves the muscles tensing, blood pressure rising, and digestion shutting down in order to prepare the body for immediate action.

Question 10

Sandra is a vice president at a large company. As a woman, what dilemma is she likely to face?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that when women express anger in the workplace, they are more likely to be perceived as "out of control" or "too emotional." This can create a dilemma for women in leadership positions like Sandra, who may need to express anger or frustration with employees or colleagues in order to address issues or make tough decisions.

Question 11

What is the one emotion that North American men express more freely than women?

Accepted Answer

Studies and societal observations have shown that North American men tend to express anger more freely than women, likely due to cultural norms and expectations around masculinity and emotional expression.

Question 12

A person is in the _______________ of the general adaptation syndrome when vulnerability to physical problems increases, and illnesses, such as chronic hypertension, develop.

Accepted Answer

The exhaustion phase is characterized by prolonged exposure to stress leading to a depletion of physical and emotional resources. During this phase, the body becomes vulnerable to physical problems and illnesses like chronic hypertension can develop.

Question 13

Steve is unexpectedly called on in class. He hasn't the faintest idea of the answer, and he feels his heart start to pound and his palms begin to sweat. According to Hans Selye, he is in the ________ phase of his stress response.

Accepted Answer

The alarm phase is the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, which is the body's response to stress as identified by Hans Selye. In this phase, the body experiences the "fight or flight" response as a reaction to a stressor, such as Steve's sudden call in class. Symptoms during this phase may include a faster heart rate, quickened breathing, and sweating, which are all reactions Steve is experiencing.

Question 14

________ is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that elevates blood sugar and protects the body's tissues in case of injury.

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that elevates blood sugar and protects the body's tissues in case of injury. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are also hormones secreted by the adrenal gland, but they play a different role in the body's response to stress. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that lowers blood sugar by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells.

Question 15

Dahlia has been having chronic headaches and she is behind in all her classes. For the past six months, her job has been extremely stressful, but she doesn't feel that she can quit because she needs the money for tuition. Her vulnerability to illness, such as chronic hypertension, has increased. According to Hans Selye, Dahlia is in the:

Accepted Answer

Dahlia is in the exhaustion phase according to Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome model. This phase occurs after prolonged exposure to stress, where the body's ability to resist is depleted, leading to increased vulnerability to illness.

Question 16

When researchers showed students a series of computer-generated, fairly sex-neutral faces with a range of expressions morphing from angry to happy, the students consistently rated the angry faces as:

Accepted Answer

The article states that the angry faces were consistently rated as male, indicating a gender stereotype that associates anger with masculinity.

Question 17

Casey hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert. Her muscles tense, her blood pressure rises, and her digestion shuts down. According to Hans Selye, she is in the:

Accepted Answer

The alarm phase is the initial stage of the body's response to stress. It is characterized by the fight or flight response, where the body prepares to either fight the stressor or run away from it. The physical symptoms Casey experiences, such as tense muscles, increased blood pressure, and suppressed digestion, are all indicative of the alarm phase.

Question 18

Markesia's body is mobilized to fight off the flu, and she finds she is annoyed by minor frustrations that she can usually shake off. According to Hans Selye, she is in the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Markesia's body is mobilized to fight off...

Question 19

Which occupation would be more likely to require emotion work as a job requirement?

Accepted Answer

Customer service representatives often have to deal with angry or frustrated customers and are expected to remain calm and professional while addressing their needs. This requires them to engage in emotion work, which involves managing and regulating their own emotions in order to meet the emotional demands of their job. Accountants, architects, and software analysts may have to deal with stress, but their work does not typically require them to engage in as much emotion work as customer service representatives.

Question 20

What has research shown about the stereotype that women are "more emotional" than men?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there is no significant gender difference in the experience of emotions, but rather differences in how emotions are expressed and processed socially. Women are more likely to express their emotions through verbal communication and seeking support, while men may rely more on actions or behaviors to express themselves. This stereotype is likely reinforced through cultural expectations and socialization rather than biological differences.

Quiz 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health