Question 1

Thirty years after Skeels initially began his study, he found that ________.

Accepted Answer

After 30 years, Skeels found that all 13 orphans raised in the adult wards became self-supporting, indicating the positive effects of being placed in a nurturing environment during early development.

Question 2

In the Milwaukee Project, the experimental group of children who received family and educational intervention showed ________ in their IQ scores as compared to a control group.

Accepted Answer

The Milwaukee Project study found that children who received family and educational intervention showed a significant increase in their IQ scores compared to the control group. This suggests that the intervention had a positive impact on the children's cognitive abilities.

Question 3

The IQs of identical twins reared apart are usually found to be ________.

Accepted Answer

The best answer is D, because studies have shown that the IQs of identical twins reared apart are very similar. This suggests that genetics play a significant role in determining IQ, as opposed to environmental factors.

Question 4

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from H. M. Skeels's research on children raised in orphanages?

Accepted Answer

H. M. Skeels's research on children raised in orphanages suggested that intelligence is flexible and may be influenced by the environment. The study found that the orphanage children who were placed in a nurturing environment with attention from adults experienced significant gains in IQ scores. This indicates that environmental factors can have a positive impact on intelligence.

Question 5

In the Milwaukee Project, the experimental group of children whose mothers received special training and who themselves had access to an education center scored, on average, about ________ their mothers' average IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Milwaukee Project, the experimental group...

Question 6

The environmentalists' position on intelligence is best summarized by saying that ________.

Accepted Answer

The environmentalists believe that mental capacities are inherited but their development depends on environmental experiences.

Question 7

Children in the Skeels study who were left to be raised in orphanages showed ________.

Accepted Answer

The Skeels study found that children who were left to be raised in orphanages showed a marked decrease in their IQ scores.

Question 8

Research indicates that the practice of using IQ scores to label students and track them in separate school programs ________.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that using IQ scores to track students can result in lower expectations and less attention for those placed in lower tracks, which may hurt their academic performance. On the other hand, high-IQ students in the higher tracks may receive more challenging material and opportunities for growth, which can improve their academic performance. Therefore, while the practice may help high-IQ students perform more effectively, it may hurt "slow" students.

Question 9

Children who are adopted shortly after birth have IQ scores that are ________

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that genetics play a significant role in determining IQ, so adopted children's IQ scores tend to be more similar to their biological mothers.

Question 10

Skeels found evidence that intelligence depends on stimulation in his investigation of ________.

Accepted Answer

Skeels conducted a study on orphans in which some were transferred to a facility with more stimulation and social interaction. The children who received more stimulation showed significant increases in IQ scores compared to those who did not receive the same stimulation.

Question 11

The idea that heredity affects IQ is best supported by the very high correlation between IQ scores of ________.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins reared separately show a very high correlation in IQ scores, supporting the idea that heredity plays a significant role in determining IQ, as they share the same genetic makeup but different environments.

Question 12

Research on giving vitamin supplements to young children has found that these supplements ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on giving vitamin supplements to young...

Question 13

The IQs of identical twins reared together are usually found to be ________.

Accepted Answer

The IQs of identical twins reared together are very similar because they have the same genetic makeup and share similar environments growing up. Studies have found that their IQ scores are highly correlated, indicating a strong genetic component to intelligence.

Question 14

The results of Skeels's study showed that ________.

Accepted Answer

Skeels's study showed that the IQ's of orphans could be improved by letting them associate with severely retarded adults.

Question 15

Research on heredity and socioeconomic status has found that heredity has ________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that heredity plays little or no role in IQ for impoverished families, as other factors such as environment and access to resources often have a greater impact. However, in affluent families where access to resources is not an issue, heredity may have a greater influence on IQ.

Question 16

Prenatal malnutrition ________.

Accepted Answer

Prenatal malnutrition has been found to affect cognitive development and can lower IQ scores.

Question 17

Which of the following statements does not support the effects of environment on IQ?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins reared apart have very similar IQ scores, which supports the role of genetics in determining IQ, rather than solely environment.

Question 18

Some researchers have found that malnutrition during infancy can lower IQ scores by an average of ________ points.

Accepted Answer

Research has found that malnutrition during infancy can lower IQ scores by an average of 20 points.

Question 19

Which of the following groups of children are most likely to have the most similar IQ scores?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins have the same genetic makeup, and even if they are reared apart, their IQ scores tend to be more similar to each other than to those of other individuals or siblings. This is because genetics plays a significant role in determining intelligence levels.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about heredity...

Quiz 7: Cognition and Mental Abilities