Question 1

The term homeostasis literally means

Accepted Answer

The term homeostasis comes from two Greek words: "homeo," meaning "similar," and "stasis," meaning "stable" or "staying the same." Therefore, the best choice is C, "staying the same."

Question 2

A lack of sufficient oxygen intake is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A lack of sufficient oxygen intake is a physiological requirement for survival, making it a need. A drive is a psychological state that motivates behavior, an instinct is a pattern of behavior that is innate, and an incentive is a reward or punishment that motivates behavior.

Question 3

"People have a sociability motive because interacting with others affords more opportunities to find a potential mate." This statement best illustrates ________ theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

The statement is pointing towards the idea of sociability as an instinctive behavior that is motivated by the need to find a partner for reproduction. This is consistent with instinct theory, which suggests that behaviors are innate and biologically programmed.

Question 4

Internal push is to external pull as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Internal push refers to a need, while external pull refers to an incentive.

Question 5

The body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state is known as

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a balanced and stable internal environment despite external changes. This is achieved through various physiological and behavioral mechanisms.

Question 6

A drive refers to

Accepted Answer

A drive is an aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need, such as hunger or thirst. Option A refers to an instinct, not a drive. Option B is too broad and can include drives, but not all things that have positive or negative value are drives. Option D refers to a stimulus, but not necessarily a drive.

Question 7

Which of the following is most clearly NOT an example of an incentive?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is most clearly...

Question 8

The influence of personal and cultural experience on our wants and desires can most clearly be seen in the influence of ________ on motivation.

Accepted Answer

Incentives are external stimuli that motivate us to act in certain ways, and they can be influenced by personal and cultural experience. For example, a person who grew up in a culture that values material possessions may be more motivated by the incentive of acquiring wealth than someone from a culture that places a greater emphasis on community and social relationships. Personal experiences, such as negative consequences from past behaviors, can also influence our motivation by making us more or less likely to engage in certain behaviors. Therefore, the influence of personal and cultural experience on our wants and desires is best captured by the role of incentives in motivating behavior.

Question 9

A thick,juicy hamburger is to hunger as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A thick,juicy hamburger is to hunger as...

Question 10

Lack of body fluids is to thirst as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between lack of body fluids and thirst is that the former creates a need which motivates the individual to drink fluids in order to satisfy the need. Similarly, any situation that creates a need and motivates an individual to fulfill that need can be compared to thirst. The concept of drive, which refers to the biological needs that trigger behavior, is the most appropriate analogue to thirst. Choice B, "need; drive," best matches this relationship, making it the correct answer.

Question 11

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be a human instinct.

Accepted Answer

Infant sucking is a reflex that is present at birth and is necessary for survival. It is triggered by the sensation of something in the mouth and is an automatic response that is not learned. Therefore, it is considered a human instinct by contemporary psychologists. Athletic skill, religious ritual, and learned behaviors, on the other hand, are influenced by social, cultural, and environmental factors and are not considered innate instincts.

Question 12

________ is the need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

Accepted Answer

Motivation is the need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. Emotion refers to a subjective feeling, while cognition refers to mental processes like perception and thought. Instinct is an innate behavior that is automatically triggered by a particular stimulus.

Question 13

An instinctive behavior is one that

Accepted Answer

An instinctive behavior is common to an entire species, unlearned, and rigidly patterned. Therefore, the best choice is D as it includes all these characteristics.

Question 14

Dr.Ligorano has devoted his professional life to researching the desires and needs that energize and direct behavior.His area of research has obviously been

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ligorano's research is focused on understanding the desires and needs that drive behavior, which falls under the category of motivation. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 15

It is characteristic of robins to build nests.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Building nests is a behavior that is instinctual in robins, meaning it is a natural, genetically programmed behavior that does not need to be learned.

Question 16

An incentive is a

Accepted Answer

An incentive is a positive or negative stimulus in the environment that motivates behavior. It could be something desirable that encourages a particular behavior, or something unpleasant that discourages it. It is not a rigidly patterned behavior, state of deprivation, or state of arousal triggered by deprivation.

Question 17

Which of the following refers to a physiological state that usually triggers a state of motivational arousal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following refers to a...

Question 18

Like evolutionary psychology,instinct theory most clearly assumed that behavior is influenced by

Accepted Answer

Instinct theory assumed that behavior is largely due to genetic predispositions or innate tendencies, just like evolutionary psychology. Homeostasis and self-esteem needs are concepts associated with other theories like drive reduction theory and humanistic theory. Incentives refer to external factors that motivate behavior and are not specifically emphasized in instinct theory.

Question 19

Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation?

Accepted Answer

Drive-reduction theory proposes that motivation arises from the need to maintain homeostasis, which is the body's tendency to maintain a stable and balanced internal state. The theory suggests that when a physiological need arises, such as hunger or thirst, a drive is created in the organism to satisfy that need and return to a state of equilibrium or homeostasis.

Question 20

When we are too hot,we perspire in order to lower our body temperature and thereby

Accepted Answer

Perspiring helps maintain homeostasis, the body's ability to maintain a stable internal temperature. When we are too hot, perspiration helps to cool the body down and regulate its temperature. This helps the body function properly and avoid overheating.

Quiz 12: What Drives US-Hunger, Sex, and Friendship