Question 1

Two species of ducks live in a lake.One species feeds mainly near the shore,while the other prefers to forage in deeper waters.These species are engaged in _______.

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Question 2

The _______ between Yucca plants and the moths that pollinate them is highly specialized.

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Question 3

The reintroduction of _______ into Yellowstone in 1995 caused a decrease in the population of elk,which in turn enabled aspen and willow seedlings to become reestablished.

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Question 4

Some pathogens have the least effect on whichever of a set of vulnerable species is the least prevalent.This is an example of _______ advantage.

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Question 5

Overfishing of tuna (a large fish)causes an increase in smaller fish,and these fish eat more plankton than usual.This phenomenon is an example of a(n)_______.

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Question 6

Non-native species of organisms that reach high population densities and spread through the novel settings are said to be _______.

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Question 7

The type of interaction in which one partner is harmed but there is no effect on the other is called _______.

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Question 8

During the 1930s,the Russian ecologist _______ pioneered studies of competition using Paramecium.

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Question 9

The near extinction of the _______ and its replacement by oaks has contributed to fluctuations in the populations of rodents and ticks and therefore in the incidence of Lyme disease.

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Question 10

The field of ________ ecology provides scientific guidance for bringing back lost elements or functions of an ecosystem.

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Question 11

A rabbit unwittingly carrying a mite across the river at no cost to itself is one participant in a(n)_______ interaction.

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Question 12

In some passionflower plants,leaf structures that look like butterfly _______ have evolved as a defense against predation.

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Question 13

At low densities and in the absence of any competitors,the population of a strain of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum grows at a per capita rate of 0.3 per week.Under certain lab conditions,the presence of each 100 individuals of the same species reduces that rate by 0.02.The addition of a competitor,Tribolium freemani,reduces the population growth of T.castaneum by 0.04 for every 100 T.freemani individuals.If there are 800 T.castaneum and 400 T.freemani individuals,the per capita growth rate of the T.castaneum population is _______.

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Question 14

In Joseph Connell's studies on the effects of competition on the distributions of different barnacle species,the experimental treatment was the _______ of one of the species of barnacle.

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Question 15

A fly and a beetle both use a particular species of plant to lay eggs in.The larvae from both the fly and the beetle develop on the plant.Removal experiments show that the moth and the beetle each perform better on the plant when the other species is removed.The relationship between the moth and the beetle would be characterized as _______.

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Question 16

Parasitism and predation are both forms of _______ interactions.

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Question 17

Two competing species usually can coexist when interspecific competition is (weaker/stronger)_______ than intraspecific competition.

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Question 18

What do pollinators usually get out of the mutualistic interaction in which they participate?

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Pollinators usually get food (nectar or pollen) from the plants in exchange for pollination services.

Question 19

Species that feed at on both primary producers and primary consumers are called _______.

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Question 20

A predatory fish evolves adaptations that make it more adept at catching smaller fish.In turn,the smaller fish evolve means to be evasive,leading to more selection on the predators to be still better able at catching their prey.The interaction between the two species is an example of an evolutionary _______.

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Quiz 43: Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species