Question 1

Elwood goes to his therapist to get treatment for his severe depression. His therapist asks him to lie down on a couch in a slightly darkened room. The therapist then sits slightly behind him and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to mind. The therapist is most likely practicing ______.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's technique of asking Elwood to lie down on a couch in a slightly darkened room and encouraging him to talk about anything that comes to mind suggests that the therapist is practicing psychoanalysis, a form of therapy developed by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes exploring unconscious thoughts and emotions. This method is commonly referred to as "the talking cure" and involves the therapist establishing a setting to allow the patient to explore their unconscious mind freely.

Question 2

Freud believed that ______ were the "royal road to the unconscious."

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that dreams were the "royal road to the unconscious," as he believed they provided insight into a person's unconscious desires, fears, and conflicts. Through interpreting the symbolism and imagery in dreams, Freud believed he could uncover repressed memories and deeply buried psychological issues.

Question 3

Psychodynamic therapies are based on the thinking of _____.

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapies are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud, who developed psychoanalysis.

Question 4

In psychoanalysis, the tendency to block free expression of impulses and primitive ideas is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Resistance is the tendency of a patient to resist the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas during psychoanalysis. This can manifest as avoidance, defensiveness, or other behaviors that inhibit the progress of therapy.

Question 5

The central method of psychoanalysis, which was devised to break down the walls of defense that block insight into unconscious processes, is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Free association is the central method of psychoanalysis, where patients are encouraged to speak freely about their thoughts, emotions, and memories in order to gain insight into their unconscious processes. Catharsis involves releasing repressed emotions through expressing them, transference is a phenomenon where a patient transfers unresolved feelings onto their therapist, and self-actualization is a concept from humanistic psychology that refers to fulfilling one's potential. None of these methods are the central method of psychoanalysis.

Question 6

The focus of traditional psychoanalysis is effectively summed up by the phrase, "Where ______ was, there shall ______ be."

Accepted Answer

The phrase commonly associated with traditional psychoanalysis is "Where id was, there shall ego be." This refers to the idea that in early childhood, our primary motivation comes from our id or our unconscious impulses and desires. However, as we grow up and interact with society, we develop an ego or conscious self that helps us balance those impulses with reality. Therefore, the focus of traditional psychoanalysis is on understanding how unconscious conflicts and repressed emotions affect our behavior and overall mental health.

Question 7

Psychotherapy is ______ interaction between a client and a therapist.

Accepted Answer

Psychotherapy is a systematic interaction between a client and a therapist, following a specific approach or framework to address the client's psychological or emotional issues. It involves a structured process of assessment, goal-setting, intervention, and evaluation. Thus, it is not spontaneous or informal, and it requires a personal and empathic relationship between the client and the therapist, which rules out impersonal interactions.

Question 8

According to ______ therapies, psychological problems reflect early childhood experiences and internal, often unconscious conflicts.

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapies focus on understanding the unconscious mind and unresolved childhood conflicts as the root of psychological problems. This perspective is based on the theories and techniques developed by Sigmund Freud and his followers. Humanistic, cognitive, and behavioral therapies have different theoretical foundations and approaches.

Question 9

The goal of psychoanalysis is to provide clients with ______.

Accepted Answer

The goal of psychoanalysis is to provide clients with insight into their unconscious thoughts and emotions, in order to better understand themselves and their behaviors.

Question 10

Each of the following is one of the essential elements of psychotherapy presented in your text EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Intuitive interaction is not listed as one of the essential elements of psychotherapy presented in the text. The other choices (psychological principles, thoughts/feelings/behavior, and psychological disorders/adjustment problems/personal growth) are all essential elements of psychotherapy.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of clients commonly seen by psychologists, according to your text?

Accepted Answer

The other three options (B, C, and D) are commonly seen by psychologists as clients seeking therapy, while individuals who are sent to therapy as an alternative to going to jail are not a common type of client seen by psychologists.

Question 12

While in therapy, Cara often talks to her therapist and reacts to his comments in a way that is similar to the way she talks and reacts to her own father. This is an example of what Freud called ______.

Accepted Answer

Transference is a psychoanalytic concept introduced by Freud, which refers to the unconscious transfer of emotions, attitudes, and desires from one person to another. In therapy, transference occurs when a patient projects feelings and dynamics onto their therapist that are actually based on past experiences with significant others, such as parents or romantic partners. In this scenario, Cara's reactions to her therapist mimic those she has with her father, indicating a transference dynamic at play.

Question 13

Responding to one person (such as a spouse or the psychoanalyst) in a way that is similar to the way one responded to another person (such as a parent) in childhood is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Transference is the process of redirecting feelings and attitudes from one person in the past onto someone else in the present, such as a therapist or spouse. This can occur due to unresolved patterns from childhood relationships, particularly those with parents or other important caregivers. Catharsis involves the release of emotional tension or expression of previously suppressed emotions, sublimation involves channeling impulses into socially acceptable behavior, and abreaction involves reliving traumatic events to release associated emotions.

Question 14

Elwood goes to his therapist to get treatment for his severe depression. His therapist has him lie on a couch in a slightly darkened room and talk about anything that comes to mind. This process of discussing whatever comes to mind is called ______.

Accepted Answer

The process of discussing whatever comes to mind in therapy is known as free association. Transference refers to the patient's feelings towards the therapist that are based on past relationships, while interpretation involves the therapist offering explanations for the patient's behaviors or thoughts. An abreaction refers to the release of repressed emotions during the therapeutic process.

Question 15

Traditional psychoanalysis typically takes ______ to complete a full course of treatment.

Accepted Answer

Traditional psychoanalysis typically involves multiple sessions per week and can last several years, with some patients continuing treatment for even longer periods of time. This length of treatment allows for deep exploration and understanding of the patient's unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Question 16

A client, when asked to discuss a threatening issue, claims that she can't remember or that her mind has gone blank. The client's reaction was labeled ______ by Freud.

Accepted Answer

This reaction by the client is labeled as resistance, which is a common defense mechanism in psychoanalysis. It refers to the client's unwillingness or avoidance of discussing certain topics that make them uncomfortable or anxious. The client may even deny remembering certain events or experiences to avoid discussing them. This resistance can hinder the therapy process and needs to be worked through by the therapist.

Question 17

In classic psychoanalysis, working through transference issues and gaining insight typically takes ______.

Accepted Answer

Classic psychoanalysis is a long-term therapy, often taking several years, as it involves working through deep-seated unconscious issues and gaining insight into one's psyche. Transference issues can also take months or years to work through.

Question 18

Psychoanalysis is the clinical method of therapy developed by ______.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis is the clinical method of therapy developed by Sigmund Freud. Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and Carl Jung are also notable figures in the field of psychology, but they developed their own theories and methods of therapy.

Question 19

The systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that brings psychological principles to bear on influencing the client's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors in order to help that client is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Psychotherapy is the only option that describes the systematic interaction between a therapist and a client aimed at using psychological principles to help the client with their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. Catharsis and abreaction refer to emotional release techniques, while an encounter can refer to a variety of situations but does not necessarily involve the use of psychological principles.

Question 20

An explanation of a client's utterance, according to psychoanalytic theory, is called ______.

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the therapist's explanation of a client's utterance is called interpretation.

Quiz 9: Gender Roles, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation