Quiz 41: The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

A 17-year-old girl has not had her first menstrual period (menarche)and has no signs of puberty-associated growth spurt,breast development,or pubic hair growth.Her pediatrician suspects hypogonadism/delayed puberty of some form.One form of hypogonadism is associated with loss of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)neurons in the hypothalamus (Kallmann's syndrome).This form of tertiary hypogonadism results in which of the following? A)Increased levels of prolactin B)Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C)Increased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D)Increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) E)Decreased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A 17-year-old girl has not had her first menstrual period (menarche)and has no signs of puberty-associated growth spurt,breast development,or pubic hair growth.Her pediatrician suspects hypogonadism/delayed puberty of some form.If this patient had a form of primary hypogonadism,she would probably exhibit increased: A)Estrogen levels. B)FSH levels. C)Androgen levels. D)TSH levels. E)Growth hormone (GH)levels.

The cell type that expresses prohormone convertases capable of cleaving proopiomelanocortin (POMC)into an active tropic hormone is: A)The thyrotrope. B)The lactotrope. C)The corticotrope. D)The gonadotrope. E)The somatotrope.

The preprohormone preprovasophysin is synthesized in: A)The pars nervosa. B)The median eminence. C)The hypothalamic nuclei. D)The pars distalis. E)The infundibular stalk.

Pituitary glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers containing a common  subunit and a hormone-specific  subunit.The glycoprotein hormones from the pituitary gland include: A)TSH,GH,and LH. B)Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG),TSH,and FSH. C)Prolactin,GH,and ACTH. D)FSH,LH,and TSH. E)FSH,LH,and prolactin.

Hypothalamic releasing hormones are secreted from neuroendocrine neurons at: A)The median eminence. B)The pars distalis. C)The paraventricular nucleus. D)The pars nervosa. E)The infundibular stalk.

An example of a "short-loop" feedback loop is: A)GH inhibition of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) B)Cortisol inhibition of ACTH. C)FSH inhibition of LH. D)Estrogen inhibition of GnRH. E)Somatostatin inhibition of GH.

The major target of growth hormone,which determines the circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1),is: A)The pituitary gland B)Muscles. C)The liver. D)The kidneys. E)Adipose tissue.

Elevated levels of ACTH can cause skin darkening,as a result of the ability of ACTH to: A)Bind to the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). B)Stimulate cortisol production. C)Bind to the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)receptor D)Stimulate adrenal androgen production. E)Stimulate -melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH)production

The one pituitary tropic hormone that is under predominantly inhibitory control by the hypothalamus is: A)GH. B)TSH. C)Somatostatin. D)Prolactin. E)ACTH.