Question 1

Which of the following states that the difference between the population parameters between two groups is zero?
A)null parameter
B)null hypothesis
C)alternative hypothesis
D)null alternative hypothesis
E)zero hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference between the population parameters of the two groups being compared, which essentially means that the difference between the population parameters is zero.

Question 2

In order to be potentially useful for a marketing manager,differences must at minimum be:
A)at a ratio of 2 to 1.
B)statistically significant.
C)new and not part of existing knowledge.
D)at a ratio of 10 to 1.
E)None of the above;any difference should be important to a manager.

Accepted Answer

Statistically significant differences are important for a marketing manager to make informed decisions based on reliable data. Differences at a ratio of 2 to 1 or 10 to 1 may not necessarily be significant or meaningful in the context of the research question. The novelty of the differences is also not a necessary requirement for their usefulness to a marketing manager. Therefore, statistically significant differences are the minimum requirement for potential usefulness in marketing research.

Question 3

The fact that different segments of flu or cold sufferers will consistently seek different medications targeted at their symptoms (sore throat,nasal congestion,cough,etc. )illustrates the use of:
A)differences that are significant.
B)differences that are meaningful.
C)differences that are stable.
D)differences that are actionable.
E)differences that are found in the sample.

Accepted Answer

The choice of medication based on symptoms shows that these differences are stable, as they consistently influence consumer behavior.

Question 4

P values are identified by what terms on computer output by statisticians?
A)propositional values and levels of confidence
B)levels of confidence and Pearson coefficients
C)waving flags
D)significance (Sig)and probability (Prob)
E)either .0001 or .0005

Accepted Answer

P values are usually identified by significance (Sig) and probability (Prob) terms in computer output by statisticians.

Question 5

If we adopt a 95 percent level of confidence,we need a P value to be significant (i.e. ,flag is waving)if it is:
A)less than .05.
B)less than or equal to .05.
C)greater than .05.
D)greater than or equal to .05.
E).90 or greater.

Accepted Answer

If we adopt a 95 percent level of confidence, we need to set our alpha level (the level at which we reject the null hypothesis) at .05 or less. This means that we need our p value to be less than or equal to .05 in order to consider the results statistically significant and to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 6

Which of the following requirements of differences means that the marketer can focus various marketing strategies and tactics,such as product design or advertising,on the market segments to accentuate the differences between the segments?
A)actionable
B)meaningful
C)stable
D)statistically significant
E)different

Accepted Answer

Actionable differences allow marketers to develop specific strategies and tactics to target and emphasize the distinctions between market segments effectively.

Question 7

The t value is used for many tests instead of the z value because:
A)it is easier to calculate and to interpret.
B)it is more widely known among statisticians.
C)assumptions of the z value are violated if sample size is 30 or less.
D)it is available on statistical software packages.
E)assumptions of the t value are violated if the sample size is 10 or less.

Accepted Answer

The assumptions of the z value are violated if sample size is 30 or less, which is why the t value is used for smaller sample sizes.

Question 8

Fortunately,when testing for differences,you will not need to be concerned whether to use the t or z test because:
A)the z is easier to calculate and to interpret and should always be used.
B)the t is more widely known among statisticians and should always be used.
C)assumptions of the z and t are minimal and are of concern only to statisticians.
D)SPSS,and most statistical software packages,are programmed to use the correct statistic.
E)clients will not know the difference.

Accepted Answer

SPSS and other statistical software will automatically choose the appropriate test based on the data and assumptions, so the choice between t and z tests is not a concern for the user.

Question 9

Which best represents the correct meaning of statistical significance of differences?
A)The differences found in sample data may be found in other sample data.
B)The differences found in sample data may be assumed to exist in the remainder of the sample.
C)The differences found in the sample may be assumed to exist in the population.
D)The differences found in the population may be assumed to exist in the sample.
E)A significant difference means that managers will be able to use the difference in order to develop effective marketing strategies.

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance means that the differences found in the sample are unlikely to occur by chance and can be assumed to exist in the population. Choice A is incorrect because it suggests that the differences found in the sample are not unique to that sample. Choice B is incorrect because it suggests that the differences found in the sample can be applied to the entire sample, which may not be true. Choice D is incorrect because it suggests that the differences found in the population are already known and exist in the sample, which may not be true. Choice E is incorrect because it suggests a practical application of statistical significance rather than its actual meaning.

Question 10

To test whether a true difference exists between two group percentages,we test the ________ hypothesis.
A)z
B)t
C)z or t hypothesis;it does not matter
D)null
E)alternative

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis is used to test whether a true difference exists between two group percentages. It is the default assumption that there is no significant difference between the two groups.

Question 11

P values can take on a range of:
A)+1.00 to -1.00.
B)0 to 100.
C)95 to 99. $$\text { Ý }$$ $$\text { Ý }$$
D)0.000 to 1.00.
E).0001 to .0005.

Accepted Answer

P values range from 0.000 to 1.00, representing the probability that the observed result occurred by chance alone. A p-value less than 0.05 is typically considered statistically significant.

Question 12

To be useful to the marketing researcher or manager,differences must be:
A)meaningful.
B)stable.
C)actionable.
D)statistically significant.
E)All of the above are needed.

Accepted Answer

All of the above factors are necessary for differences to be useful in marketing research or management.

Meaningful differences are those that have practical significance, meaning they have a real impact on the market or consumer behavior.

Stable differences are ones that remain consistent over time and across different samples.

Actionable differences are ones that can be acted upon by the researcher or manager in order to improve or change marketing strategies.

Statistically significant differences are those that can be confidently attributed to actual differences in the population being studied, rather than random chance.

Question 13

In your text,you learn to test for significant differences between:
A)two percentages or two means.
B)two percentages or three percentages.
C)two means or three percentages.
D)three or more percentages.
E)differences between a percentage and a mean.

Accepted Answer

The text specifically mentions testing for significant differences between two percentages or two means, indicating that these are the most relevant options. The other choices either include more variables (such as three percentages) or do not match the examples given in the text. Therefore, A is the best choice.

Question 14

A meaningful difference is one that the marketing manager:
A)can potentially use as a basis for marketing decisions.
B)deems to be statistically significant.
C)finds to be at a ratio of 2 to 1.
D)finds to be stable over at least a week or so.
E)may or may not be statistically significant.

Accepted Answer

A meaningful difference is one that the marketing manager can potentially use as a basis for marketing decisions. It may or may not be statistically significant, but it should have practical significance and impact the marketing strategy. The other options of B, C, and D have specific criteria that limit the definition of meaningful difference, while option E is not specific enough.

Question 15

One of the reasons that all statistically significant differences may not be meaningful is that,to a great extent,statistical significance is determined by:
A)competitors who are trying to sabotage research studies.
B)only a few customers.
C)statistical formulas that are unstable and unpredictable themselves.
D)sample size.
E)data mining software that is too new to be trustworthy.

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance is strongly influenced by sample size, as larger sample sizes increase the power of the statistical test and make it more likely to detect meaningful differences. However, just because a difference is statistically significant does not necessarily mean it is practically significant or meaningful in the real world. Other factors like effect size, context, and practical considerations should also be taken into account when interpreting statistical significance.

Question 16

We have two percentages and we want to know if they are statistically different.We calculate our z and find that it is 4.21.This means that:
A)the two percentages are the same.
B)the two percentages are not statistically different.
C)the two percentages have a 421 percent chance of not being different.
D)the two percentage are statistically different.
E)the two percentages have a 421 percent chance of being different.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We have two percentages and we want...

Question 17

A winery sees the market in three distinct segments based upon usage of wine;a dog food manufacturer sees the dog food market in 12 segments;Toyota offers 17 different models ranging from a two-seater sports car to the Avalon luxury car.These are all examples illustrating how:
A)marketers can take advantage of differences between market segments,simply by a conceptual analysis of differences in the marketplace.
B)marketers should search for all differences between each of their products or services.
C)marketers could take better advantage of differences between market segments if they had a method of determining insignificant differences in the marketplace.
D)marketers can take advantages of differences between market segments,and differences analysis can be used to discovery statistically significant,meaningful,and stable differences.
E)there are differences in the market,and by knowing statistical methods that focus on data summarization,marketers can take advantage of these differences.

Accepted Answer

This answer correctly identifies that marketers can take advantage of differences between market segments and that differences analysis can be used to identify statistically significant, meaningful, and stable differences. This suggests that marketers need to use data and statistical methods, rather than simply relying on a conceptual analysis of differences.

Question 18

When making a comparison between two groups of respondents to determine whether or not they are statistically different,in concept,the researcher is considering the two groups as two:
A)different populations.
B)different answers.
C)different tests.
D)common groups.
E)related groups.

Accepted Answer

When comparing two groups of respondents, the researcher is typically interested in determining whether there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups. To do so, the researcher would conduct hypothesis testing where the null hypothesis would state that there is no difference between the two groups, and the alternate hypothesis would state that there is a difference between the two groups. In this context, the two groups are considered to be different populations, which are the groups that the researcher wishes to make inferences about based on the data collected. Thus, the best choice is A: different populations.

Question 19

Iams marketing over 20 different types of dog food,Toyota marketing over 20 different types of cars,and Boeing having five different types of commercial jets and a separate business jets division are all examples of:
A)differing markets strategy.
B)marketing variation.
C)market segmentation.
D)market separation.
E)contrasting markets.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of market segmentation where companies divide the overall market into smaller groups of consumers with similar needs or characteristics and offer different products or services to each group. In this case, Iams, Toyota, and Boeing are targeting different segments of the market with their diverse product offerings.

Question 20

When a researcher is determining if two groups are statistically significant,he or she is considering the two groups as two separate populations.The question is whether or not the two different populations':
A)z scores are the same.
B)t scores are the same.
C)parameters are different.
D)associations are different.
E)summarization values are the same.

Accepted Answer

When determining if two groups are statistically significant, the researcher is comparing the parameters of the two populations, which includes mean, variance, and standard deviation. If these parameters are significantly different between the two groups, then the groups are also likely to have different distributions and associations. Z scores and t scores are measures of how far a data point is from the mean and are not as relevant to comparing two separate populations. Summarization values, such as mean or median, may also be different between the two groups but do not necessarily indicate statistical significance.

Quiz 13: Implementing Basic Differences Tests

Which of the following states that the difference between the population parameters between two groups is zero?

In order to be potentially useful for a marketing manager,differences must at minimum be:

The fact that different segments of flu or cold sufferers will consistently seek different medications targeted at their symptoms (sore throat,nasal congestion,cough,etc. ) illustrates the use of:

P values are identified by what terms on computer output by statisticians?

If we adopt a 95 percent level of confidence,we need a P value to be significant (i.e. ,flag is waving) if it is:

Which of the following requirements of differences means that the marketer can focus various marketing strategies and tactics,such as product design or advertising,on the market segments to accentuate the differences between the segments?

The t value is used for many tests instead of the z value because:

Fortunately,when testing for differences,you will not need to be concerned whether to use the t or z test because:

Which best represents the correct meaning of statistical significance of differences?

To test whether a true difference exists between two group percentages,we test the ________ hypothesis.

P values can take on a range of:

To be useful to the marketing researcher or manager,differences must be:

In your text,you learn to test for significant differences between:

A meaningful difference is one that the marketing manager:

One of the reasons that all statistically significant differences may not be meaningful is that,to a great extent,statistical significance is determined by:

We have two percentages and we want to know if they are statistically different.We calculate our z and find that it is 4.21.This means that:

A winery sees the market in three distinct segments based upon usage of wine;a dog food manufacturer sees the dog food market in 12 segments;Toyota offers 17 different models ranging from a two-seater sports car to the Avalon luxury car.These are all examples illustrating how:

When making a comparison between two groups of respondents to determine whether or not they are statistically different,in concept,the researcher is considering the two groups as two:

Iams marketing over 20 different types of dog food,Toyota marketing over 20 different types of cars,and Boeing having five different types of commercial jets and a separate business jets division are all examples of:

When a researcher is determining if two groups are statistically significant,he or she is considering the two groups as two separate populations.The question is whether or not the two different populations':