What Was Responsible for the "Orange Glow" Observed by Astronauts

What was responsible for the "orange glow" observed by astronauts on the outside surface of their space shuttle as they orbiting the Earth?

A) O₂ interacting with SO₂ to form SO₂* excited state molecules.
B) An oxygen atom interacting with nitric oxide adsorbed on the shuttle's surface to form electronically excited nitrogen dioxide,NO₂*.
C) N₂ interacting with CO₂ to form CO₂* excited state molecules.
D) CO and CO₂ interacting to form CO₃* excited state molecules.
E) Star dust from the stratosphere combining with upper atmospheric O₂ gases.