Mark, a Manager, Has Just Received Bad News from His

Mark, a manager, has just received bad news from his foreign counterpart about an ongoing negotiation. He is disturbed and is thinking of ways to control the damage. At the same time, a subordinate walks into his office and asks for an extended leave due to a family emergency. Mark refuses to grant leave despite it being an emergency situation. In this scenario, Mark's disturbed mood is representative of _____ in the communication process between him and his subordinate.

A) filtering
B) perception
C) reflection
D) media richness
E) noise