In studies in which high-quality formal planning did not lead to higher performance, ________ usually the culprit.
A) unforeseen events or conditions were
B) demanding employees were
C) stubborn ownership was
D) lack of communication was

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A) Even the best plans can be foiled by unforeseen events, such as economic disruptions or political turmoil-meaning that "unforeseen events or conditions" is the correct response for this question. Plans can only take into account known events of the past, they can't anticipate unknown future events, especially highly unlikely future events. When it comes to spoiling plans, such things as demanding employees, stubborn owners, or poor communication are minor factors compared to important outside events, so these choices are all incorrect responses.

In Studies in Which High-Quality Formal Planning Did Not Lead