HIV's genome of RNA includes the code for reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that acts early in infection to synthesise a DNA genome off of an RNA template. The HIV genome also codes for protease (PR), an enzyme that acts later in infection by cutting long viral polyproteins into smaller, functional proteins. Both RT and PR represent potential targets for antiretroviral drugs. Drugs called nucleoside analogues (NA) act against RT, whereas drugs called protease inhibitors (PI) act against PR.
Which mechanism produces variation for evolution by shuffling existing alleles?
A) rapid reproduction
B) sexual reproduction
C) mutation
D) changes in chromosome numbers

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction shuffles existing alleles from two parent organisms to create genetic variation in the offspring. This variation can then be subject to natural selection and drive evolution. Rapid reproduction (A) can increase the rate of evolution, but does not necessarily create variation. Mutation (C) is a source of new alleles, but does not shuffle existing alleles in the same way as sexual reproduction. Changes in chromosome numbers (D), such as chromosomal rearrangements or polyploidy, can create new genetic combinations but are not a mechanism for shuffling existing alleles.

HIV's Genome of RNA Includes the Code for Reverse Transcriptase