The atomic radius of germanium (Z 32) is smaller than the atomic radius of potassium (Z 19) because of ________
A)a change in the n quantum number.
B)an increase in the effective nuclear charge.
C)the fact that p and d orbitals have the same orbital penetration.
D)a decrease in the effective nuclear charge.
E)germanium having 32 rather than 19 electrons.

Question

The atomic radius of germanium (Z  32) is smaller than the atomic radius of potassium (Z  19) because of ________
A)a change in the n quantum number. 
B)an increase in the effective nuclear charge. 
C)the fact that p and d orbitals have the same orbital penetration. 
D)a decrease in the effective nuclear charge. 
E)germanium having 32 rather than 19 electrons.

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The atomic radius of an atom is influenced by the effective nuclear charge, which is the net positive charge experienced by the valence electrons. As the number of protons in the nucleus increases from potassium to germanium, the effective nuclear charge also increases. This attractive force causes the electron cloud to contract, resulting in a smaller atomic radius. Therefore, choice B is the best fit.

The Atomic Radius of Germanium (Z 32) Is