The small,but important,energy differences between 3s,3p,and 3d orbitals are due mainly to
A)the number of electrons they can hold
B)their principal quantum number
C)the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
D)the penetration effect
E)Hund's rule

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The small energy differences between 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals are due mainly to the penetration effect, which refers to the ability of electrons in d and higher orbitals to penetrate closer to the nucleus than electrons in s and p orbitals. This results in a stronger attraction between the nucleus and d-electrons, leading to lower energy levels for the d orbitals compared to the s and p orbitals. The other options (A, B, C, and E) are not correct in explaining these energy differences.

The Small,but Important,energy Differences Between 3s,3p,and 3d Orbitals Are Due