The Kruskal-Wallis Test Is the Non-Parametric Equivalent of the Analysis

The Kruskal-Wallis test is the non-parametric equivalent of the analysis of variance comparison of three or more means. It is carried out by combining the samples, obtaining the ranks in the combined sample, and carrying out an analysis of variance on the ranks. However, unlike traditional analysis of variance, it is not necessary to calculate both SSG and SSE because:

A) the total sum of the ranks is a fixed number and the same for all studies with the same total number of observations.
B) the SSE is fixed and the same for all studies with the same number of observations.
C) the sum of the ranks is an approximate chi-square statistic and no standard error is needed.
D) All of the answer options are correct.