Some birds give a species-specific vocalization called an "alarm call" when they see a predator, although this call may direct the predator toward them. Other members of their species respond to these calls by taking cover. This would be an example of altruistic behavior that is beneficial to the calling bird if
A) the bird giving the vocalization survives the attack.
B) the inclusive fitness of the bird giving the vocalization is increased.
C) all birds survive the attack.
D) the birds benefiting are offspring of the bird giving the vocalization.
E) All of the above

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Altruistic behavior can be explained by inclusive fitness, which is the genetic contribution an individual makes to the next generation, including offspring and other close relatives. By sounding an alarm call, the calling bird is risking its own safety but increasing the survival chances of its relatives who share its genes, thereby increasing its inclusive fitness. The survival or benefit of the calling bird is not necessary for this explanation. So, option B is the correct choice.

Some Birds Give a Species-Specific Vocalization Called an "Alarm Call