If there is a main effect of gender on income, that means
A) gender has no relationship to income
B) gender groups differ on average income
C) income causes gender
D) when gender is controlled, income differences still exist

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A main effect of gender on income means that there is a difference in average income between the two gender groups. It does not suggest that gender has no relationship to income or that income causes gender. Additionally, if income differences still exist when gender is controlled, that would suggest an interaction effect rather than a main effect.

If There Is a Main Effect of Gender on Income