In an experimental study,men with erectile disorder received either Viagra or a placebo.In this study,the drug dosage (none versus peak dose)was the

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The drug dosage (none versus peak dose) is the independent variable because it is being manipulated by the researcher to see if it has an effect on the outcome variable (either improved or no change in erectile function). The outcome variable is not explicitly stated but it is implied that it is the erectile function of the men. The confounding variables in this study might include age, general health status, and other medical conditions that could affect erectile function. The operational definition would be how the researchers are measuring erectile function (e.g. self-report questionnaires, penile plethysmography, etc.).

In an Experimental Study,men with Erectile Disorder Received Either Viagra