When a TCP entity retransmits a segment using fast retransmit it assumes that a segment was lost,even though it has not yet timed out on that segment.

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Fast retransmit is a mechanism used by TCP to detect and recover from lost packets without waiting for a retransmission timer to expire. When three duplicate acknowledgments are received from the receiver, the sender assumes that the packet was lost and retransmits it without waiting for the retransmission timer to expire. This helps to reduce the delay in recovering from lost packets and improve overall network performance.

When a TCP Entity Retransmits a Segment Using Fast Retransmit