Rival causal factors are any variables other than the treatment variable which may be responsible for the relationship.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Rival causal factors are also known as confounding variables or confounders. They are variables that have an impact on both the dependent variable and the independent variable, making it difficult to determine whether the independent variable caused a change in the dependent variable or whether the change was due to the confounding variable. Therefore, they can be considered as variables that can compete with the treatment variable for explaining the observed outcome.

Rival Causal Factors Are Any Variables Other Than the Treatment