When cases are chosen not to represent the population but because of an interesting outcome, we refer to this as sampling the independent variable.

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When cases are chosen not to represent the population but because of an interesting outcome, we refer to this as purposive sampling or criterion sampling, not as sampling the independent variable. Sampling the independent variable involves deliberately selecting cases based on the levels or values of the independent variable in order to test its effect on the dependent variable.

When Cases Are Chosen Not to Represent the Population but Because