Which of the following are associated with an increase in central venous pressure?
1) Right heart failure
2) Pulmonary valvular stenosis
3) Pulmonary embolism
4) Dehydration
A)1 and 3 only
B)1, 2, and 3 only
C)2 and 4 only
D)1, 2, 3, and 4

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Central venous pressure (CVP) reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. An increase in CVP can be caused by conditions that either increase the volume of blood returning to the heart or obstruct the heart's ability to pump blood. Right heart failure (1) leads to a backup of blood in the venous system, increasing CVP. Pulmonary valvular stenosis (2) can cause an obstruction to the outflow of the right ventricle, leading to increased pressure upstream, which includes the venous system. Pulmonary embolism (3) can obstruct the pulmonary arteries, increasing the resistance against which the right ventricle has to pump, thereby increasing CVP. Dehydration (4), however, would typically lead to a decrease in CVP due to reduced blood volume.

Which of the Following Are Associated with an Increase in Central