Choose the paramagnetic species from below. A) Ba B) O²⁻ C) Zn²⁺ D) Cd E) Nb³⁺

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Paramagnetic species are those that have unpaired electrons. The notation given for each species includes electron configurations in a shorthand that indicates the number of unpaired electrons. For example, "S1U1P12S1S1P0⁻" would suggest a specific electron configuration with the "U" likely indicating unpaired electrons. However, the notation is unconventional. Based on standard electron configuration notation and understanding of paramagnetism, Nb (niobium) in a positively charged state (as indicated by "E") with an electron configuration ending in "P13S1S1P0⁺" suggests it has unpaired electrons, making it paramagnetic. The other species either are neutral atoms with filled electron shells or have configurations suggesting all electrons are paired.

Choose the Paramagnetic Species from Below