The valence electrons of elements in the lower left of the periodic table experience the greatest effective nuclear charge.

Question

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Elements in the lower left of the periodic table have a low effective nuclear charge due to the shielding effect of inner electrons. Therefore, the valence electrons in these elements experience the least effective nuclear charge. Valence electrons in elements in the upper right of the periodic table, where the effective nuclear charge is highest, experience the greatest effective nuclear charge.

The Valence Electrons of Elements in the Lower Left of the Periodic