Since all discrepancies from the expected frequencies are reflected in the upper tail of the chi-square distribution (as defined by the critical value),the chi-square test is nondirectional.

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The statement is true. The chi-square test is nondirectional because all discrepancies from the expected frequencies are reflected in the upper tail of the chi-square distribution, regardless of whether the observed values are higher or lower than expected.

Since All Discrepancies from the Expected Frequencies Are Reflected in the Upper