According to E.C.Tolman,
A)people learn by observing others' behavior.
B)punishment increases undesirable behavior.
C)behavior is goal-directed.
D)reinforcement is ineffective.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

According to E.C. Tolman, behavior is goal-directed. Tolman believed that individuals engage in purposeful behavior directed towards specific goals, and that this behavior is driven by the individual's beliefs, values, and expectations about the world. This perspective is known as purposive behaviorism. The other options (A, B, and D) do not align with Tolman's views on behavior and learning.