The way water travels up the length of the stem is explained by the cohesion-adhesion-tension theory.

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The cohesion-adhesion-tension theory, also known as the transpiration-cohesion-tension theory, explains how water is transported upwards through the xylem from the roots to the leaves of a plant. The theory is based on the cohesive and adhesive properties of water and the negative pressure, or tension, that is created as water evaporates from the leaves through tiny pores called stomata. The tension pulls water molecules up through the xylem, while cohesive forces keep the water column intact, and adhesive forces allow the water to stick to the inner surfaces of the xylem.

The Way Water Travels Up the Length of the Stem