External Validity

External validity:

A) exists when the research design accurately identifies causal relationships.
B) refers to the extent to which a causal relationship found in a study can be expected to be true for the entire defined target population.
C) can be threatened by selection bias.
D) refers to the degree that the design and its procedures can be replicated and achieves similar conclusions about hypothesized relationships.
E) refers to causal research designs that manipulate the independent variables to measure the dependent variable in a natural setting.