The electron configuration of a ground-state vanadium atom is A) [Ar]4s²4d³. B) [Ar]4s²4p³. C) [Ar]4s²3d³. D) [Ar]3d⁵.

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The electron configuration for vanadium can be determined by counting up electrons in the subshells in the order of increasing energy levels: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s and so on. Vanadium has 23 electrons, so the configuration is [Ar]4s²3d³. This configuration can be simplified by indicating the electron distribution in the noble gas core as follows: [Ar]3d³4s². Therefore, choice C is correct as it correctly represents the electron configuration. Choice A and B are incorrect as they include extra subshells and incorrect quantum numbers. Choice D only includes the 3d subshell and misses the 4s subshell.

The Electron Configuration of a Ground-State Vanadium Atom Is