Many Studies Have Explored the Relationship Between Smoking and Health

Many studies have explored the relationship between smoking and health problems.If one of these studies found a Spearman's rho of +0.78 between amount of smoking and seriousness of health problems,this would indicate

A) that smoking causes health problems.
B) a positive,causal relationship between these variables.
C) a positive,strong relationship between these variables.
D) a positive,statistically significant relationship between these variables.