A traditional anxiety based IZOF is defined as an individual's optimal prestart level of state anxiety plus-or-minus an estimate of

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The traditional anxiety based IZOF suggests that the optimal prestart level of state anxiety should be determined by adding or subtracting 0.50 standard deviation of observed precontest optimal state anxiety. This is because this range of plus-or-minus 0.50 standard deviation has been found to include the optimal anxiety level for a majority of athletes across different sports and events.

A Traditional Anxiety Based IZOF Is Defined as an Individual's