After giving birth, female bighorn sheep lick their newborn lambs. This behavior continues off and on for up to 6 hours, after which mothers no longer lick their lambs. What is/are possible ultimate cause(s) of this behavior? Check all that apply.
A) Hormones released during labor stimulate motor neurons in female bighorn sheep, causing them to lick and groom their lambs.
B) The lamb is stimulated by the licking to begin nursing from its mother and the sooner a lamb begins nursing, the better its chances for survival.
C) Female bighorn sheep remember being licked by their mothers and know they must teach this behavior to their own offspring.
D) Licking the lamb removes excess moisture from its coat, preventing hypothermia.
E) When licking the lamb, the mother learns its unique scent so she can distinguish it from other lambs and offer it protection from predators or extreme weather.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

B, D, and E are considered ultimate causes because they explain the evolutionary benefits or reasons behind the behavior. B suggests that licking stimulates nursing, which is crucial for the lamb's survival. D indicates that licking helps prevent hypothermia by removing moisture, which is vital for the lamb's immediate well-being. E explains that licking helps the mother recognize her lamb, which is essential for its protection and care. These reasons all contribute to the survival and reproductive success of the species, fitting the criteria for ultimate causes.

After Giving Birth, Female Bighorn Sheep Lick Their Newborn Lambs