When organisms help those they recognize as capable of returning the favor, this is termed:

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Reciprocal altruism refers to the exchange of behaviors that may be beneficial to the recipient at the cost of the altruistic actor, with the expectation that the favor will be returned in the future. This behavior is often seen in organisms that have the cognitive ability to recognize other individuals and remember previous interactions, allowing them to distinguish between cooperative and non-cooperative partners.

When Organisms Help Those They Recognize as Capable of Returning