A circumstance in which title to goods may be passed by a non-owner who does not have title to the goods is known as pass by estoppel.

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Pass by estoppel refers to a situation where a non-owner transfers the title of goods to another person who believes that the non-owner has the authority to do so. This can occur through the non-owner's actions or inaction, and it can create an estoppel or legal barrier preventing the non-owner from denying that the transfer was valid. In such cases, the transferee may be able to acquire good title to the goods even though the non-owner did not have title to pass.

A Circumstance in Which Title to Goods May Be Passed